Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nye, Chris Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Kasatochi Island 2009 topography Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 163 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 1 sheet Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.14509/29733 Description: Abstract: The 2008 eruption of Kasatochi volcano caused major topographic changes to Kasatochi Island, making all prior topographic maps and data obsolete. The topographic map and data presented here are derived from stereoscopic satellite images acquired on April 18, 2009. Subsequent topographic data has not been acquired, although there has been substantial topographic modification to the island, particularly to the shoreline, since these data were acquired. Purpose: The purpose of this data release is to provide updated topographic data for Kasatochi Island subsequent to the August 6-8, 2008 explosive eruption of Kasatochi volcano. The eruption increased the area of the island by about 40 %; the crater by about 30 %; and the crater lake by nearly 70 % (Scott and others, 2010). The area of the island was increased by deposition of pyroclastic deposits which extended the preexisting shoreline seaward by up to four hundred meters. The area enclosed by the crater rim was increased primarily by explosive removal of preexisting rock and redeposition of that material in pyroclastic deposits on the flanks of the volcano. In addition, the entire island was blanketed by pyroclastic deposits, which are generally not thick enough to obscure pre-existing topography, but locally reach thicknesses of up to fifty meters (Nye and others, 2017). The eruption made all existing topographic data and maps obsolete. This report provides updated topography based on a stereo pair of satellite images acquired eight months after the eruption. There has been erosional modification of the island since these data were acquired. The western, northern, and eastern shores were progressively eroded (Nye and others 2017) and now consist either of pre-existing lava outcrops or boulder beaches back by near-vertical bluffs up to 25 m high cut into 2008 pyroclastic deposits. Between 2009 and 2012 the southernmost beach was extended seaward. An extensive system of gullies formed in the 2008 eruption deposits immediately after the eruption; these gullies have deepened and widened in subsequent years, but lateral shifts have been minimal. Post-2009 elevation data necessary for updating this map has not been acquired. Pertinent references: Scott, W.E., Nye, C.J., Waythomas, C.F., and Neal, C.A., 2010, August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska-Resetting an island landscape: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 42, no. 3, p. 250-259, http://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.250 and Nye, C.J., Scott, W.E., Neill, O.K., Waythomas, C.F., Cameron, C.E., and Calvert, A.T., 2017, Geology of Kasatochi volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Professional Report 123, http://doi.org/10.14509/29718 Supplemental_Information: >map_files: Geodatabase and ArcMap document file used to generate the April 18, 2009, topographic map of Kasatochi Island. Attribute fields in the geodatabase feature classes are generally named and organized according to the NCGMP09 - Draft Standard Format for Digital Publication of Geologic Maps, Version 1.1 by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP). >map_image: GeoTIFF export of the April 18, 2009, topographic map of Kasatochi Island. >elevation_data: Digital elevation models (DEM) of Kasatochi Island derived from stereoscopic satellite images acquired on April 18, 2009. Files include: 1) the originating DEM, which is based on the WGS84 ellipsoid, and an adjusted version which uses Kasatochi Mean Sea Level (KMSL) as a vertical datum. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2009 Ending_Date: 2017 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -175.533179 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -175.489901 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 52.186060 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 52.155519 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model Theme_Keyword: Geodatabase Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Geomorphology Theme_Keyword: Satellite Theme_Keyword: Shaded Relief Theme_Keyword: Surface Theme_Keyword: Topography Theme_Keyword: Volcanoes Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Aleutian Islands Place_Keyword: Atka Quadrangle Place_Keyword: Kasatochi Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: Walker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A, and Babcock, L.E., comp., 2012, Geologic Time Scale v. 4.0: Geological Society of America Temporal_Keyword: Holocene Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5039 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Data_Set_Credit: The Kasatochi Mean Sea Level vertical datum was established with the assistance of Nicole Kinsman. Cartographic guidance provided by Patricia Gallagher. Satellite data credit: the DEM was derived from an orthorectified stereoscopic pair of April 18, 2009 WorldView-1 images; the 2004 shoreline was digitized from an orthorectified April 9, 2004 QuickBird-2 image; the 2012 shoreline was digitized from an orthorectified February 2, 2012 WorldView-2 image, and gullies were digitized from April 18, 2009 WorldView-1 images. Geographic place names are all informal, and are from, or derived from, place names customarily used by US Fish and Wildlife researchers, who are the primary visitors to the island. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nye, C.J. Originator: Scott, W.E. Originator: Neill, O.K. Originator: Waythomas, C.F. Originator: Cameron, C.E. Originator: Calvert, A.T. Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Geology of Kasatochi volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Professional Report Issue_Identification: PR 123 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 1 sheet Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.14509/29718 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Certainty in attribute interpretation may vary throughout the map. Attribute fields within each geodatabase feature class record the author's degree of confidence in the existence or identity of applicable features. The information has been examined by several geologists familiar with the study area, but the data and accompanying report have not been formally reviewed for technical content or for conformity to the editorial standards of DGGS. Logical_Consistency_Report: All data are derived from a small number of satellite images, insuring a high level of internal consistency. Data from disparate sources were not combined. Completeness_Report: This data release is complete. Note: the presence of small clouds in the original satellite images make derived elevation data in the southeast crater wall unreliable. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Locations of several features easily identifiable on the satellite images, such as shorelines, the crater rim, gully intersections, and distinctive outcrops were measured during the course of the study with hand-held GPS units. Features on gentle terrain were found to be displayed on the images within the resolution of the hand held GPS, and the topographic data match the images to within a meter or less. From this we conclude that horizontal precision in areas of gentle terrain is generally within 1 meter. In areas of steep or near-vertical terrain the topographic data diverge from the satellite images by up to tens of meters, but we are unable to independently determine if these differences are due to lack of accuracy of the elevation data or parallax in the images. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: For display purposes, the vertical elevations on the topographic map are referenced to an estimated local tidal datum, Mean Sea Level at Kasatochi (KMSL). The local MSL datum is a linear correction defined by the 10:21 June 15, 2009 water level at AVO benchmark KAS4 and the tidal predictions at the Fenimore Pass subordinate tidal station (9461519). Conversion factors for this local datum and common ellipsoids are: add 8.3 meters to Kasatochi MSL (map datum) to obtain WGS84 or ITRF2008 elevations (m); add 7.3 m to Kasatochi MSL (map datum) to obtain NAD83(2011) elevations (m). Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Acquire 2009 satellite data - WorldView-1 stereo satellite imagery (60 cm spatial resolution) were captured on April 18, 2009 and subsequently acquired by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO). Process_Date: 2009 Process_Step: Process_Description: Establish ground control - Trimble 5700 campaign GPS receivers were used to establish four sites at points that were easily recognizable on the satellite imagery. A base station on the island was continually operated during campaign data collection. Data were reduced by AVO at the UAF Geophysical Institute (Jeff Freymueller). Process_Date: 2009 Process_Step: Process_Description: WGS84 DEM creation - A DEM relative to WGS84 ellipsoid was created by commercial vendor (i-cubed, LLC) using April 18, 2009 stereo satellite images and GPS control points. Process_Date: 2010 Process_Step: Process_Description: KMSL DEM creation - In the process of working with the WGS84 DEM it became clear that at Kasatochi the ellipsoid is substantially different than the actual ground surface. We used field photographs to estimate the elevation of a campaign GPS site located on a boulder embedded in a beach relative to sea level. Then we used the time and date of the field photographs to estimate the tidal stage assuming that the Fenimore Pass tidal station accurately represented the tidal stage at Kasatochi. This indicated an offset between the WGS84 ellipsoid and the local earth surface of 8.3 m. We subtracted 8.3 m from the WGS84 DEM to yield a DEM with Kasatochi Mean Sea Level (KMSL) as a vertical datum. The tidal range at Kasatochi is small, about 0.5 m on the day the reference photograph was taken, so small differences in timing between the tidal stage at Fenimore Pass and Kasatochi would introduce only small error in estimating the difference between WGS84 and KMSL vertical datums. Process_Date: 2013 Process_Step: Process_Description: Creating contour lines and mapping - Contour lines were produced using the Contour tool in ArcMap 10.4. Gullies were digitized from the orthorectified satellite images used to create the DEM in two classes; 1-5 m (2-10 pixels) wide (thin lines) and >5 m (>10 pixels) wide (thick lines). 2004 and 2012 coastlines were digitized from the appropriate satellite images. Process_Date: 2016 Process_Step: Process_Description: Refinement of KMSL DEM - Shoreline artifacts were removed from the DEM Process_Date: 2016 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 1 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -177 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: .00000001 Ordinate_Resolution: .00000001 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563000025 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Mean Sea Level Depth_Resolution: 2 Depth_Distance_Units: meter Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: map_files Entity_Type_Label: map_files Entity_Type_Definition: Geodatabase and ArcMap document file used to generate the April 18, 2009, topographic map of Kasatochi Island. Attribute fields in the geodatabase feature classes are generally named and organized according to the NCGMP09 - Draft Standard Format for Digital Publication of Geologic Maps, Version 1.1 by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP). File format: .tif. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) and Alaska Volcano Observatory staff Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: map_image Entity_Type_Label: map_image Entity_Type_Definition: GeoTIFF export of the April 18, 2009, topographic map of Kasatochi Island. File format: .tif. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) and Alaska Volcano Observatory staff Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: elevation_data Entity_Type_Label: elevation_data Entity_Type_Definition: Digital elevation models (DEM) of Kasatochi Island derived from stereoscopic satellite images acquired on April 18, 2009. Files include: 1) the originating DEM, which is based on the WGS84 ellipsoid, and an adjusted version which uses Kasatochi Mean Sea Level (KMSL) as a vertical datum. File format: .tif. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Commercial vendor (i-cubed, LLC) created the originating DEM. Ground control data were reduced by Jeff Freymueller (AVO at the UAF Geophysical Institute). The DEM was adjusted to use Kasatochi Mean Sea Level by Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) and Alaska Volcano Observatory staff. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5039 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Resource_Description: MP 163 Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. 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Fees: Contact DGGS for current pricing Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Raster data and ArcGIS map files Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://doi.org/10.14509/29733 Fees: Free download Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20170821 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5039 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Use_Constraints: If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed in the supporting metadata file. User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources or Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions