Graham, G.E. Jozwik, Diana 2007 tabular digital data, report Raw Data File RDF 2007-2 Fairbanks, AK USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 32 pp. http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/pubs?reqtype=citation&ID=15819 This report describes the results of geologic mapping and sample analysis from the Richardson district, east-central Alaska. The objective of the project was to create a more accurate geologic map of a portion of the Richardson district and to propose a model for the geological evolution of the Richardson area. Attribute information for the following tables (entities) is included in this metadata file under the "Entity_and_Attribute_Information" section. Each layer is listed and described in detail under its own heading starting "Entity_Type_Label." Tables include: >table1 grab samples, approximate locations, assigned rock types and analyses >table2 Modal mineralogy of gneisses >table3 Estimated modal mineral abundances (volume %) >table4 XRF major oxide and normative values for gneiss samples >table5 XRF major and minor element results for amphibolite samples >table6 XRF major oxide and normative values for igneous rock samples >table7 Trace element compositions (in ppm) of igneous rocks >table8 Samples employed for Geothermometry and Geobarometry >table9 Average microprobe data of mineral assemblages >table10 Fluid inclusion samples, locations, and assay values >table11 Fluid inclusion data and estimated fluid parameters >table12 Comparison between Bald Knob, Democrat, Ryan Lode fluid inclusion data >table13 Interpreted 40Ar/39Ar ages (in Ma) >table14 Ages of geologic events >table15 40Ar/39Ar step-heating results and data 1999 2002 publication date Complete None planned -146.4829 -146.1133 64.8802 64.3246 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation None Age Dates Ar-Ar CIPW Norms Fluid Inclusion Geobarometry Geochemical Data Geochronology Geothermometry Major Oxides Microprobe Analysis Modal Analysis Trace Elements None Richardson Mining District Big Delta Quadrangle This report, map, and/or dataset are available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Microsoft Windows XP SP2, ArcGIS 9.+, and any text editor. Berman, R.G. 1990 document American Mineralogist v. 75 p. 328-334 Cameron, C.E 2000 thesis University of Alaska, Fairbanks University of Alaska, Fairbanks 115 p. Holdaway, M.J. 1971 document American Journal of Science v. 271 p. 97-131 Kleeman, U. Reinhardt, J. 1994 journal article European Journal of Mineralogy v. 6 p. 925-941 Perchuk, L.L. Lavrenteva, I.V. 1983 document New York Springer Verlag in Saxena, S.K., ed., Kinetics and Equilibrium in Mineral Reactions, p. 199-240 Saxena, S.K.(ed.) 1983 document New York Springer-Verlag Ruperto, V.L. Stevens, R.E. Norman, M.B. 1964 document U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper PP 501-B p. B152-B153 Spear, F.S. 1993 document Washington, D.C. Mineralogical Society of America 799 p. Spear, F.S. Kohn, M.J. 199905 document Steiger, R.H. (comp.) Jaeger, E. (comp.) 1977 document Earth and Planetary Science Letters v.36, no. 3 p. 359-362 Angus, S. Armstrong, B. Altunin, V. 1976 document Oxford Pergamon Press 385 p. Brown, P.E. Lamb, W.M 1989 document Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 53, no. 6 p. 1209-1221 Burruss, R.C. 1981 document in Hollister, L.S., and Crawford, M.L., eds., Fluid inclusions; applications to petrology: Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course, v. 6, p. 39-74 Hollister, L.S.(ed.) Crawford, M.L.(ed.) 1981 document Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course v. 6 Douglas, T.A. 1996 document Fairbanks, Alaska University of Alaska Fairbanks M.S. thesis, 240 p. Foster, H.L. Albert, N.R.D. Griscom, Andrew Hessin, T.D. Menzie, W.D. Turner, D.L. Wilson, F.H. 1979 document U.S. Geological Survey Circular CIR 783 19 p. Ganguly, Jibamitra Saxena, S.K. 1984 document American Mineralogist v. 69, no. 12 p.88-97 Ghent, E.D. Stout, M.Z. 1981 document Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology v. 76, no. 1 p. 92-97 Graham, G.E. 2002 document Fairbanks, Alaska University of Alaska Fairbanks M.S. Thesis, 150 p. Hodges, K.V. Crowley, P.D. 1985 document American Mineralogist v. 70, no. 78 p. 702-709 Hodges, K.V. Spear, F.S. 1982 document American Mineralogist v. 67, no. 1112 p. 1118-1134 Hoisch, T.D. 1990 document Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology v. 104, no. 2 p. 225-234 Kennedy, G.C. 1954 document American Journal of Science v. 252, no. 4 p. 225-241 McCoy, D.T. Newberry, R.J. Layer, P.W. DiMarchi, J.J. Bakke, A.A. Masterman, J.S. Minehane, D.L. 1997 document Economic Geology Monographs v. 9 p.191-241 Newton, R.C. Haselton, H.T. 1981 document New York Springer-Verlag in Newton, R.C., Navrotsky, Alexandra, and Wood, B.J., eds., Thermodynamics of minerals and melts, p. 131-147 Newton, R.C.(ed.) Navrotsky, Alexandra(ed.) Wood, B.J.(ed.) 1981 document New York Springer-Verlag Roedder, E.R. 1984 document Reviews in Mineralogy v. 12 644 p McDougall, Ian Harrison, T.M. 1988 document Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics v. 9 212 p. Bundtzen, T.K. Reger, R.D. 1977 journal article Geologic Report GR 55 Fairbanks, AK Alaska Geological & Geophysical Surveys p. 29-34 Alaska Geological & Geophysical Surveys 1977 document Geologic Report GR 55 Fairbanks, AK Alaska Geological & Geophysical Surveys 50 p. Pakhomova, V. Belyaeva, V. Tishkin, B. 1995 document Alaska Miners Association Special Symposium v. 1 Anchorage, Alaska Glacier House Publications p. 128-133 Bundtzen, T.K. (ed.) Fonseca, A.L. (ed.) Mann, Roberta (ed.) 1995 document Alaska Miners Association Special Symposium v. 1 Anchorage, Alaska Glacier House Publications Placer Dome Exploration (PDX) conducted a large-scale soil sampling program in the area in 1999 and 2000. Hand samples were also collected from various locations during concurrent geologic mapping. The geochemical results from these activities were used to determine subsequent core drilling in both 1999 and 2000. Thirty thin sections, 15 doubly-polished from vein samples, 12 polished sections, and one white mica separate were used from the core drilled by PDX during 1999 and 2000. This core was halved with a rock saw with one-half of each interval sent for assay and the other retained for additional studies. Modal estimates were conducted on 36 metamorphic and four igneous hand specimens that were etched and stained for quartz, plagioclase, and K-feldspar using the technique of Ruperto and others (1964). K-feldspar assumed a bright yellow color, plagioclase stained red, and quartz remained unstained. Modal estimates were made either by standard point-counting using a minimum of 100 points, or by estimation by comparison to standard abundance charts. Modal abundances are listed in tables 2 and 3. Major- and minor-oxide analyses were performed by Bondar-Clegg, Incorporated, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on 39 rock samples, including 13 from drill core. Samples were crushed and pulverized in Fairbanks before pulps were shipped to Vancouver. Major- and minor-oxide results, including normative values, are listed in tables 4, 5 and 6. Trace-element analyses for 34 of the samples were performed at the University of Alaska Fairbanks on splits of the pulverized samples using a Rigaku energy-dispersive XRF and a routine created by Rainer Newberry (described in Cameron, 2000). The results of 16 of the samples are listed in tables 5 and 7. Replicate and secondary standard analyses for commercial and UAF XRF analyses indicate major oxides are accurate to within 2 percent of the amount present, while trace elements are accurate to within 510 percent of the amount present (Cameron, 2000). Microprobe data collected on biotite, garnet, white mica, and K-feldspar were processed using the Macintosh Geothermobarometry program GTB (Spear and Kohn, 1999). Temperatures were calculated for 12 different garnet-biotite distribution models. Of these 12, those of Perchuk and Lavrenteva (1984) and Kleeman and Reinhardt (1994) with Berman (1990) produced similar, consistent temperatures intermediate to those of other models and were selected as most appropriate for biotite-garnet thermometry. Pressures were estimated based on the calculated temperatures, the aluminosilicate stability diagram of Holdaway (1971), and several compositional-based geobarometers (Spear, 1993). Geothermometry data are presented in table 8. Microprobe analyses were performed on six polished sections of gneiss and one polished section from a gold-bearing vein, using the Cameca SX-50 electron microprobe and Probe for Windows software at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Silicate compositions were measured using a 10 micron beam at 15 nA on wavelength-dispersive spectrometers. Well-characterized natural and synthetic specimens were employed as standards. On-peak counts were collected for 10 seconds and background counts were collected for 5 seconds. Five points were selected for each silicate. These data were ZAF (atomic mass, absorbance, and fluorescence) corrected and poor-quality results were removed from the data set. Opaque minerals, including gold and bismuth, were identified in the gold-bearing vein using the EDS with a standardless analysis routine. Microprobe analyses are presented in table 9. Fluid inclusion experiments were performed at the USGS facility in Denver, Colorado, using a Linkam heating/freezing stage cooled with liquid nitrogen. All heating and cooling measurements were computer controlled, with standard-based calibrations performed prior to each session. Chips of a section up to 3 mm2 were taken from eight doubly-polished sample sections, 100 to 150 microns thick, and analyzed individually. The chips, attached by glue to the slide, were removed from the section using acetone. Heating and cooling measurements were performed using Linksys, a Windows-driven program, which has a precision of 0.1 Celsius. The low-temperature measurements included CO2 and clathrate melting temperatures. All measurements except for final homogenization were performed systematically on each inclusion before moving on to the next. After several inclusions were measured, final homogenization temperatures were measured for as many inclusions as possible. Final homogenization observations were made for surrounding inclusions where possible. Once stretching of an inclusion was indicated (by non-repeatable heating experiments), no more homogenization measurements were collected from that chip. Fluid inclusion data are presented in tables 10, 11, and 12. Five samples were dated using the 40Ar/39Ar technique, as described in detail by Douglas (1996). The samples were irradiated for 20 megawatt hours in a reactor at McMaster University along with standard sample MMHB-1 with age 513.9 Ma. The standard is used to estimate J, the irradiation parameter and the flux gradient of the reactor. The irradiated samples were then analyzed in the mass spectrometer at the University of Alaska Fairbanks geochronology laboratory, using an 40Ar/39Ar step heating routine 3940 days after irradiation. The measured argon isotopes were corrected for mass discrimination as well as for interference of Ca, K, and Cl produced from the reactor. Blanks (inlets) were run to determine background levels of argon, and measurements were corrected for the background argon. Ages are quoted with a 1 sigma level and calculated using the constants of Steiger and Jaeger (1977). Argon dating results are presented in table 13. The proposed geological events for the Richardson area, based on the radiometric dating, are presented in table 14. Table 15 lists the 40Ar/39Ar step-heating results and data. No topologic relationships are present in the data. Not all data analyzed was included in this report. Location data is in UTM coordinates with a Clark 1866, NAD27, UTM zone 6 projection. Locations were measured using a Garmin GPS handheld unit. 10 Standard resolution (in meters) of Garmin GPS. Ruperto, V.L. Stevens, R.E. Norman, M.B. 1964 document U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper PP 501-B p. B152-B153 paper 1964 publication date Ruperto and others, 1964 36 metamorphic and 4 igneous hand specimens were etched and stained for quartz, plagioclase, and K-feldspar using the technique of Ruperto, V.L., Stevens, R.E., and Norman, M.B., 1964. Spear, F.S. Kohn, M.J. 199905 document computer program 199905 publication date Spear and Kohn, 1999 Microprobe data collected on biotite, garnet, white mica and K-feldspar were processed using the Macintosh Geothermobarometry program GTB. Perchuk, L.L. Lavrenteva, I.V. 1983 document New York Springer Verlag in Saxena, S.K., ed., Kinetics and Equilibrium in Mineral Reactions, p. 199-240 Saxena, S.K.(ed.) 1983 document New York Springer-Verlag paper 1984 publication date Perchuk and Lavrenteva, 1983 One of several garnet-biotite distribution models which were used for biotite-garnet thermometry comparisons. Kleeman, U. Reinhardt, J. 1994 document European Journal of Mineralogy v. 6 p. 925-941 paper 1994 publication date Kleeman and Reinhardt, 1994 One of several garnet-biotite distribution models which were used for biotite-garnet thermometry comparisons. Berman, R.G. 1990 document American Mineralogist v. 75 p. 328-334 paper 1990 publication date Berman, 1990 One of several garnet-biotite distribution models which were used for biotite-garnet thermometry comparisons. Holdaway, M.J. 1971 document American Journal of Science v. 271 p. 97-131 paper 1971 publication date Holdaway, 1971 Pressures were estimated based on the aluminosilicate stability diagram of Holdaway. Spear, F.S. 1993 document Washington, D.C. Mineralogical Society of America 799 p. paper 1993 publication date Spear, 1993 Pressures were estimated based on several compositional-based geobarometers of Spear. Douglas, T.A. 1996 document University of Alaska, Fairbanks University of Alaska, Fairbanks 240 p. paper 1996 publication date Douglas, 1996 Five samples were dated using the 40Ar/39Ar technique as described in detail by Douglas. Steiger, R.H. Jaeger, E. 1977 document Earth and Planetary Science Letters v.36, no. 3 p. 359-362 paper 1977 publication date Steiger and Jaeger, 1977 Radiometric ages are quoted with a + 1 sigma level and calculated using the constants of Steiger and Jaeger. Cameron, C.E. 2000 document University of Alaska, Fairbanks University of Alaska, Fairbanks 115 p. paper 2000 publication date Cameron, 2000 Trace element analyses (Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Zr) for 34 of the samples were performed at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks on splits of the pulverized samples using a Rigaku wavelength-dispersive XRF, and a routine created by Rainer Newberry (described in Cameron, 2000). McDougall, Ian Harrison, T.M. 1988 document Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics v. 9 212 p. paper 1988 publication date McDougall and Harrison, 1988 In table 15, 40Ar*/39ArK (40*/39K) and ages (and 1-sigma error) were calculated using the equations and constants quoted in McDougall and Harrison (1988). Field work - During the summers of 1999 and 2000, the area was mapped on foot and over 400 geological stations were recorded and 300 samples collected. In many cases it was necessary to dig into tree roots and creek banks and dig test pits up to 1.5 meters deep. 1999 Field work - Placer Dome Exploration (PDX) conducted a large scale soil sampling program in the area and rock chip samples collected were saved for analysis. Unknown Lab - Cynthia Dusel-Bacon of the U.S, Geological Survey kindly loaned several thin-sections for examination use in microprobe studies. Florence Weber provided several boxes of collected samples to be examined to provide a regional framework. Unknown Lab - 36 metamorphic and 4 igneous hand specimens were etched and stained for quartz, plagioclase, and K-feldspar using the technique of Ruperto, V.L., Stevens, R.E., and Norman, M.B., 1964. K-feldspar acquired a bright yellow color, plagioclase stained red and quartz was unstained. Modal estimates were made either by standard point-counting using a minimum of 100 points, or by estimation by comparison to standard abundance charts. Modal abundances are listed in tables 1 and 2. Ruperto and others, 1964 Unknown Lab - Major oxide analyses were performed by Bondar-Clegg, Incorporated, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on 39 rock samples, including 13 from drill core. Samples were crushed and pulverized in Fairbanks before pulps were shipped to Vancouver. Five of the samples were also analyzed for XRF trace elements by Bondar-Clegg, Incorporated. Unknown Lab - Microprobe data collected on biotite, garnet, white mica and K-feldspar were processed using the Macintosh Geothermobarometry program GTB (Spear and Kohn, 1999). Temperatures were calculated for 12 different garnet-biotite distribution models. Of these 12, those of Perchuk and Lavrenteva (1983) and Kleeman and Reinhardt (1994) with Berman (1990) produced similar, consistent temperatures intermediate to those of other models and were selected as most appropriate for biotite-garnet thermometry. Pressures were estimated based on the aluminosilicate stability diagram of Holdaway (1971), the calculated temperatures, and several compositional-based geobarometers (Spear, 1993). Geothermometry data are presented in table 7. Spear and Kohn, 1999 Perchuk and Lavrenteva, 1983 Kleeman and Reinhardt, 1994 Berman, 1990 Holdaway, 1971 Spear, 1993 Unknown Lab - Microprobe analyses were performed on 6 polished sections of gneiss and 1 polished section from a gold-bearing vein, using the Cameca SX-50 electron microprobe and Probe for Windows software at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Silicate compositions were measured using a 10 micron beam at 15 nA on wavelength dispersive spectrometers. Well-characterized natural and synthetic specimens were employed as standards. On-peak counts were collected for 10 seconds and background counts were collected for 5 seconds. Five points were selected for each silicate. This data was ZAF (atomic mass, absorbance, and fluorescence) corrected; following which poor-quality results were removed from the data set. Opaque minerals, including gold and bismuth, were identified in the gold-bearing vein using the EDS with a standardless analysis routine. Microprobe analyses are presented in table 8. Unknown Lab - Fluid inclusion experiments were performed at the USGS facility in Denver, Colorado, using a Linkam heating/freezing stage cooled with liquid nitrogen. All heating and cooling measurements were computer controlled, with standard-based calibrations performed prior to each session. Chips of a section up to 3 mm square were taken from eight doubly polished sections, 100 to 150 microns thick, and analyzed individually. The chips were broken from the section after the glue attaching the section to the slide was dissolved with acetone. Heating and cooling measurements were performed using Linksys, a windows-driven program, which has precision of 0.1 degree Celsius. Digital photographs of inclusions were taken within this program. The low-temperature measurements included CO2 melting temperatures and clathrate melting temperatures. All measurements except for final homogenization were performed systematically on each inclusion before moving onto the next. After several inclusions were measured, final homogenization temperatures were measured for as many inclusions as possible. Final homogenization observations were made for surrounding inclusions where possible. Once stretching of an inclusion was indicated (by non-repeatable heating experiments), no more homogenization measurements were collected from that chip. Fluid inclusion data is presented in table 9, 10 and 11. Unknown Lab - Five samples were dated using the 40Ar/39Ar technique, as described in detail by Douglas (1996). The samples were irradiated for 20 megawatt hours in a reactor at McMaster University along with standard sample MMHB-1 with age 513.9 Ma. The standard is used to estimate J, the irradiation parameter and the flux gradient of the reactor. The irradiated samples were then analyzed in the mass spectrometer at the University of Alaska Fairbanks geochronology laboratory, using an 40Ar/39Ar step heating routine 39-40 days after irradiation. The measured argon isotopes were corrected for mass discrimination as well as for interference of Ca, K, and CI produced from the reactor. Blanks (inlets) were run to determine background levels of argon. Sample measurements were corrected for this background argon. Ages are quoted with a + 1 sigma level and calculated using the constants of Steiger and Jaeger (1977). Argon dating results are presented in table 13 and 14. Douglas, 1996 Steiger and Jaeger, 1977 McDougall and Harrison, 1988 Unknown Lab - Trace element analyses (Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Zr) for 34 of the samples were performed at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks on splits of the pulverized samples using a Rigaku wavelength-dispersive XRF, and a routine created by Rainer Newberry (described in Cameron, 2000). Cameron, 2000 Unknown 0.0001 0.0001 Decimal degrees North American Datum of 1927 Clarke 1866 6378137 298.25722210088 table1.csv List of grab samples, approximate locations, assigned rock types and analyses. Garth Graham table1 Sample Items in the Sample# field. Garth Graham A unique sample identifier UTMX Easting for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27 Garth Graham 525000 542000 meters UTMY Northing for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27 Garth Graham 7133090 7195200 meters Rock type Description of rock sample Garth Graham Description of rock type Mag. Susc. (*10^-3 SI) Magnetic susceptibility made with a Kappameter model KT-6 magnetic susceptibility meter. Garth Graham -0.05 1.3 SI T.S. Thin section Garth Graham Marked "X" if a thin section was made. P.S. Polished section Garth Graham Marked "X" if a polished section was made. WRA Whole rock analysis Garth Graham Marked "X" if whole rock analysis was performed on sample. Geotherm microprobe and/or geothermobarometric analysis Garth Graham Marked "X" if microprobe or geothermobarometric analysis was performed on sample. FI Fluid inclusion study Garth Graham Marked "X" if fluid inclusion analysis was performed on sample. Ar/Ar 40Ar/39Ar radiometric dating Garth Graham Marked "X" if argon dating was performed on sample. table2.csv Modal mineralogy of gneisses. Values are visual estimates of percentages from petrographic analysis. Garth Graham table 2 Sample Items in the Sample field. Garth Graham A unique sample identifier UTMX Easting for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27 Garth Graham 525000 542000 meters UTMY Northing for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27 Garth Graham 7133090 7195200 meters Quartz Quartz Garth Graham 0 100 percent Plag Plagioclase Garth Graham 0 100 percent Kspar Potassium feldspar Garth Graham 0 100 percent Biot Biotite Garth Graham 0 100 percent Opaques Opaque minerals Garth Graham 0 100 percent Sill Sillimanite Garth Graham 0 100 percent Gar Garnet Garth Graham 0 100 percent Chl Chlorite Garth Graham 0 100 percent table3.csv Estimated modal mineral abundances (volume %) in felsic dike thin sections. Garth Graham table3 Sample Items in the Sample field. Garth Graham A unique sample identifier Group A suite of rocks that are similar in their mineralogy. The rocks were grouped based on having a molecular proportion of aluminum oxide greater than that of sodium oxide and potassium oxide combined. Garth Graham 1 strongly peraluminous magmatic suite of rocks Garth Graham 2 Weakly- to non-peraluminous magmatic suite of rocks Garth Graham Qtz Estimated modal mineral abundance of quartz (volume %) in felsic dike thin section. Garth Graham 0 100 percent volume Plag Estimated modal mineral abundance of plagioclase (volume %) in felsic dike thin section. Garth Graham 0 100 percent volume Kspar Estimated modal mineral abundance of potassium feldspar (volume %) in felsic dike thin section. Garth Graham 0 100 percent volume Tourm Estimated modal mineral abundance of tourmaline (volume %) in felsic dike thin section. Garth Graham 0 100 percent volume Mica Estimated modal mineral abundance of white mica and minor biotite (volume %) in felsic dike thin section. Garth Graham 0 100 percent volume Point Cnts. Point counts: number of points counted Garth Graham 0 109 point counts table4.csv XRF major oxide and normative values for gneiss samples in the Richardson study area. Garth Graham table4 Sample Items in the Sample field. Garth Graham A unique sample identifier SiO2 Silicon dioxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent TiO2 Titanium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Al2O3 Aluminum oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Fe2O3 Iron oxide (+3) values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent MnO Manganese oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent MgO Magnesium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent CaO Calcium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Na2O Sodium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent K2O Potassium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent P2O5 Phosphorus pentoxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent LOI Loss on Ignition (LOI) values shown in percent. Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Total Calculated oxide and LOI total for sample shown in percent. Bondar-Clegg 0.01 105 percent %AN (Normative Anorthite/Normative Anorthite + Normative Albite) *100 Rainer Newberry 0 100 percent Q CIPW Norm quartz calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent or CIPW norm orthoclase calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent ab CIPW norm albite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent an CIPW norm anorthite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent C CIPW norm corundum calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent hy CIPW norm hypersthene calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent mt CIPW norm magnetite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent il CIPW norm ilmenite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent hem CIPW norm hematite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent ap CIPW norm apatite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent table5.csv XRF major and minor element results for amphibolite samples 127 and 158B. Garth Graham table5 Sample Items in the Samples field. Garth Graham A unique sample identifier SiO2 Silicon dioxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent TiO2 Titanium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Al2O3 Aluminum oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Fe2O3 Iron oxide (+3) values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent MnO Manganese oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent MgO Magnesium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent CaO Calcium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Na2O Sodium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent K2O Potassium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent P2O5 Phosphorus pentoxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent LOI Loss on Ignition (LOI) values shown in percent. Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Total Calculated oxide and LOI total for sample shown in percent. Bondar-Clegg 0.01 105 percent Ba Barium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Sr Strontium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Y Yttrium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Nb Niobium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Zr Zirconium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Rb Rubidium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm table6.csv XRF major oxide and normative values for igneous rock samples in the Richardson study area. Garth Graham table6 Sample Items in the Sample field. Garth Graham A unique sample identifier Rock type Description of rock Garth Graham Description of rock type SiO2 Silicon dioxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent TiO2 Titanium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Al2O3 Aluminum oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Fe2O3 Iron oxide (+3) values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent MnO Manganese oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent MgO Magnesium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent CaO Calcium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Na2O Sodium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent K2O Potassium oxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent P2O5 Phosphorus pentoxide values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in percent (%). Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent LOI Loss on Ignition (LOI) values shown in percent. Bondar-Clegg 0.01 100 percent Total Calculated oxide and LOI total for sample shown in percent. Bondar-Clegg 0.01 105 percent %AN (Normative Anorthite/Normative Anorthite + Normative Albite) *100 Rainer Newberry 0 100 percent Q CIPW Norm quartz calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent or CIPW norm orthoclase calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent ab CIPW norm albite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent an CIPW norm anorthite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent C CIPW norm corundum calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent hy CIPW norm hypersthene calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent mt CIPW norm magnetite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent il CIPW norm ilmenite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent hem CIPW norm hematite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent ap CIPW norm apatite calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent ru CIPW norm rutile calculation Garth Graham 0 100 percent volume table7.csv Trace element compositions (in ppm) of igneous rocks from the Richardson study area. Garth Graham table7 Sample Items in the Sample field. Garth Graham A unique sample identifier Unit Name of a structural feature with a distinctive appearance. Garth Graham Name of a structural feature with a distinctive appearance. Ba Barium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Nb Niobium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Rb Rubidium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Sr Strontium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Y Yttrium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Zr Zirconium values acquired by analysis with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and shown in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm Nb+Y Total of Niobium and Yttrium Garth Graham 0 100000 ppm table8.csv Samples employed for Geothermometry and Geobarometry from Richardson field area. Garth Graham table8 Sample Items in the Sample field. Garth Graham A unique sample identifier UTM N Northing for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27 Garth Graham 7133090 7195200 meters UTM E Easting for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27 Garth Graham 525000 542000 meters Fault block Direction of fault block Garth Graham NE Northeast Garth Graham E East Garth Graham W West Garth Graham S South Garth Graham NW Northwest Garth Graham Mineral assemblage present Minerals present in rock sample. Garth Graham Quartz-plagioclase-biotite-muscovite-sillimanite-garnet Quartz-plagioclase-biotite-sillimanite-garnet Quartz-plagioclase-biotite-garnet Quartz-plagioclase-biotite-sillimanite-garnet Quartz-plagioclase-biotite-garnet Geobarometer(s) employed Mineral assemblages used in determining sample temperature and pressure conditions. Garth Graham 1 garnet-sillimanite-plagioclase-quartz Hodges and Spear, 1982; Hodges and Crowley, 1985; Newton and Haselton, 1981; Ganguly and Saxena, 1984 2 garnet-muscovite-plagioclase-biotite Hodges and Crowley, 1985; Ghent and Stout, 1981; Hoisch, 1990 3 garnet-muscovite-plagioclase-quartz Hoisch, 1990 4 garnet-muscovite-sillimanite-quartz Hodges and Crowley, 1985 5 garnet-muscovite-biotite-sillimanite Hodges and Crowley, 1985 Temp Est. (degree C) Calculated temperature experienced by metamorphic rocks in the Richardson area. Garth Graham 450 725 degree Celsius table9.csv Average microprobe data of mineral assemblages for geothermobarometric calculations. Garth Graham table9 Sample Items in the Sample field. Garth Graham A unique sample identifier Mineral Mineral analyzed by microprobe. Garth Graham g garnet Garth Graham b biotite Garth Graham h hornblende Garth Graham wm white mica Garth Graham p plagioclase Garth Graham Na2O Sodium oxide average values acquired by analysis with microprobe and shown in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 100 percent MgO Magnesium oxide average values acquired by analysis with microprobe and shown in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 100 percent Al2O3 Aluminum oxide average values acquired by analysis with microprobe and shown in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 100 percent SiO2 Silicon dioxide average values acquired by analysis with microprobe and shown in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 100 percent K2O Potassium oxide average values acquired by analysis with microprobe and shown in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 100 percent CaO Calcium oxide average values acquired by analysis with microprobe and shown in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 100 percent TiO2 Titanium dioxide average values acquired by analysis with microprobe and shown in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 100 percent FeO Iron oxide (+2) average values acquired by analysis with microprobe and shown in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 100 percent MnO Manganese oxide average values acquired by analysis with microprobe and shown in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 100 percent H2Oc Calculated water content in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 100 percent Total Total of major and minor oxides and water in percent (%). Garth Graham 0.01 105 percent Na Sodium cations per formula unit. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. Mg Magnesium cations per formula unit. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. Al Aluminum cations per formula unit. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. Si Silicon cations per formula unit. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. K Potassium cations per formula unit. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. Ca Calcium cations per formula unit. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. Ti Titanium cations per formula unit. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. Fe Iron cations per formula unit. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. Mn Manganese cations per formula unit. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. Ca site tot Number of cations in site containing calcium. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. O Total oxygen cations per formula unit. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. Fe/Mg Number of iron cations divided by the number of magnesium cations. Garth Graham Standard recalculation of compositions. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. %An The mole percent anorthite component in plagioclase. Garth Graham, Jessica F. Larsen 0 100 percent -lnKb-g Negative log of (Fe/Mg cations (biotite) - Fe/Mg cations (garnet)). Garth Graham Standard calculation. See W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, J. Zussman (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals, 2nd ed.. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow for more information. avg T,P Average temperature in degrees C and average pressure in kilobars. Garth Graham Calculated temperature and pressure using several models: Perchuk and Lavrenteva, 1984; Kleemann and Reinhardt, 1994; and Berman, 1990. table10.csv Fluid inclusion samples, locations, and assay values of sampled interval. Garth Graham table10 Slide (JGA-) Slide identification number starting with JGA- Garth Graham A unique sample identifier site Sample location Garth Graham A unique sample identifier UTM E Easting for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27 Garth Graham 525000 542000 meters UTM N Northing for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27 Garth Graham 7133090 7195200 meters Au Assay value (ppm) Gold assay value in parts per million (ppm). Garth Graham 0 53 part per million Gold Group Sample classification based on the gold assay value of the entire interval containing the quartz vein. Garth Graham 4 high grade gold Garth Graham 3 significant gold interval Garth Graham 2 gold-bearing interval Garth Graham 1 gold below detection level Garth Graham table11.csv Fluid inclusion data and estimated fluid parameters. Garth Graham table11 Hole Number of the inclusion hole analyzed Garth Graham A unique sample identifier Slide Number of the sample slide analyzed. Garth Graham 1 Sample BK1-035 in Table 9 Garth Graham 2 Sample BK1-65 in table 9 Garth Graham 4 Sample BK1-082 in Table 9 Garth Graham 11 Sample BK2-047 (AuVn) in table 9 Garth Graham 12 Sample BK2-012 in table 9. Garth Graham 13 Sample BK2-135 in Table 9. Garth Graham 15 Sample BK2-152(s15) in Table 9. Garth Graham Buckeye Sample B3 (Buckeye Discovery) in Table 9. Garth Graham Inclusion Number of the inclusion analyzed. Garth Graham Number in field depends on how many inclusions where able to be ultimately analyzed. CO2 Melting temperature of carbon dioxide in degree Celsius. Garth Graham Averaged melting temperature base on number of inclusions analyzed. Clath Clathrate melting temperature in degree Celsius. Garth Graham Average clathrate melting of analyzed inclusions. Cohom Partial homogenization of carbonic phase in degree Celsius. Garth Graham Average cohomogenization temperature of carbonic phase. Homog Total homogenization of carbonic pase in degree Celsius. Garth Graham Average total homogenization temperature for carbonic phase. Au group Sample classification based on the gold assay value of the entire interval containing the quartz vein. Garth Graham 3 significant gold interval Garth Graham 2 gold-bearing interval Garth Graham 1 gold below detection level Garth Graham Volume Volume of vapor within inclusion shown in percent. Garth Graham 0 100 percent Bars Fluid inclusion pressure in bars after Angus and others, 1976. Garth Graham Fluid inclusion pressure in bars. Density CO2 density of the inclusion after Burress, 1981. Garth Graham Calculation of CO2 density. MoleH2O Calculated mole percent of H2O in inclusion fluids. Garth Graham 0 100 percent Est. Press Estimated minimum pressure at time of inclusion formation in bars. Employed P-T density isochores from Kennedy, 1954 and diagrams from Brown and Lamb, 1989. Garth Graham Estimated pressure at time of inclusion formation. table12.csv Comparison between Bald Knob, Democrat, Ryan Lode fluid inclusion data. Garth Graham table12 Sample Unique sample identifier Garth Graham Demo 1 Democrat lode deposit Pakhomova and others, 1995 Demo 2 Democrat lode sample Pakhomova and others, 1995 BKhiP Bald Knob high pressure sample type Garth Graham, this study. BKloP Bald Knob low pressure sample. Garth Graham, this study. Ryan Lode Ryan lode deposit, Fairbanks district. McCoy and others 1997 BKeye1 Buckeye high grade vein. Garth Graham, this study. Bkeye2 Buckeye high grade vein. Garth Graham, this study. Size (micron) Size range of inclusions in microns Garth Graham Size range of inclusions. TmCO2 (degree C) Final melting temperature of solid CO2 in degree Celsius. Garth Graham Range of final melting temperatures of solid CO2. Clathrate T. (degree C) Final clathrate melting temperature range in degree Celsius. Garth Graham Range of final melting temperatures of solid CO2. Th (degree C) Temperature range of total homogenization of carbonic phase in degree Celsius. Garth Graham Temperature range of total homogenization of carbonic phase. Volume % vapor Estimated percentage of total in inclusion of vapor. Garth Graham Range of estimated percentages of vapor in inclusion. Salinity (% NaCl) Salinity of fluid expressed as weight percent (%) NaCl equivalent. Garth Graham Range of values in percent or "Low" value of NaCl in fluid. Mol % CO2 Molar percent of CO2 in inclusion. Garth Graham Value, range, average, variable or unknown molar percent of CO2 in inclusions. Trap P (bars) Estimated pressure in bars at time of formation of inclusions. Garth Graham Range or "unknown" value of pressure of inclusions at time of formation. table13.csv Interpreted 40Ar/39Ar ages (in Ma) for Richardson area samples. Garth Graham table13 Sample number (mineral) Unique sample identifier and mineral analyzed in sample. Garth Graham Unique sample identifier B biotite Garth Graham WM white mica Garth Graham Low-temp fraction(s) age (%Ar) Apparent ages yielded from heating at low temperature in millions of years (Ma). %Ar equals total 39Ar released in the fraction(s). Garth Graham Age dates +/- standard error Percent total 39Ar released in fractions. High-temp fraction(s) age (%Ar) Apparent ages yielded from heating at high temperature in millions of years (Ma). %Ar equals percent total 39Ar released in the fraction(s). Garth Graham Age dates +/- standard error Percent total 39Ar released in fractions. Plateau age (%Ar) Plateau age is a measure of the time elapsed since the mineral cooled to below its closure temperature. Age is in millions of years (Ma). %Ar equals percent total 39Ar released in the fraction(s). Garth Graham Age dates +/- standard error Percent total 39Ar released in fractions. Interpreted age Weighted average of all the Ar fractions released and is equivalent to a conventional K-Ar age. Garth Graham Estimated age/age range in millions of years with standard error. table14.csv Ages of geologic events in the Richardson area as suggested by radiometric dating. Garth Graham table14 Event Geologic event that occurred at interpreted age. Garth Graham Geological event description. Interpreted Age Approximate interpreted age in Ma of event. Garth Graham Approximate age in Ma of event. Evidence Geological evidence for interpreted age of event. Garth Graham Description of evidence for interpreted age of event. table15.csv 40Ar/39Ar step-heating results and data. Garth Graham table15 Laser Power Laser power in milliwatts. Garth Graham 0 8800 mW Fraction 39Ar The fraction of 39Ar released in each step of a run. Garth Graham 0 1 +/- 1-sigma error Garth Graham 1-sigma error unitless. 37Ar/39Ar measured Ratio of 37Ar to 39Ar. Measured isotopic ratios are corrected for reactor induced interferences and decay of 37Ar and 39Ar. Garth Graham Unitless ratio. +/- 1-sigma error Garth Graham 1-sigma error unitless. 36Ar/39Ar measured Ratio of 36Ar to 39Ar. Measured isotopic ratios are corrected for reactor induced interferences and decay of 37Ar and 39Ar. Garth Graham Unitless ratio. +/- 1-sigma error. Garth Graham 1-sigma error unitless. % Atm. 40Ar* Percent of atmospheric 40Ar in the sample assuming an initial 40Ar/36Ar ratio of 295.5. Results include error. Garth Graham 0 100 percent Ca/K ratio of calcium to potassium Garth Graham Unitless ratio. Cl/K Ratio of chlorine to potassium. Garth Graham Unitless ratio. 40*/39K The ratio of radiogenic 40Ar to 39Ar produced from potassium calculated using the equations and constants quoted in McDougall and Harrison (1988). Paul Layer, Garth Graham Unitless ratio. Age (Ma) Ages calculated from 40A*/39K using the equations and constants quoted in McDougall and Harrison (1988). Garth Graham 0 4200 Ma +/- (Ma) 1-sigma error in Ma. Garth Graham 0 4200 Ma State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys mailing and physical

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