Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Hubbard, T.D. Originator: Koehler, R.D. Originator: Combellick, R.A. Publication_Date: 2011 Title: High-resolution lidar data for infrastructure corridors, Fairbanks Quadrangle, Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: LAS Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2011-3E Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 291 p. Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/22727 Description: Abstract: In advance of design, permitting, and construction of a pipeline to deliver North Slope natural gas to out-of-state customers and Alaska communities, the Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) has acquired LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data along proposed pipeline routes, nearby areas of infrastructure, and regions where significant geologic hazards have been identified. LiDAR data will serve multiple purposes, but have primarily been collected to (1) evaluate active faulting, slope instability, thaw settlement, erosion, and other engineering constraints along proposed pipeline routes, and (2) provide a base layer for the state-federal GIS database that will be used to evaluate permit applications and construction plans. The dataset represents all classified laser returns from the LiDAR survey and their associated geospatial coordinates. Purpose: In advance of design, permitting, and construction of a pipeline to deliver North Slope natural gas to out-of-state customers and Alaska communities, the Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) has acquired LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data along proposed pipeline routes, nearby areas of infrastructure, and regions where significant geologic hazards have been identified. LiDAR data will serve multiple purposes, but have primarily been collected to (1) evaluate active faulting, slope instability, thaw settlement, erosion, and other engineering constraints along proposed pipeline routes, and (2) provide a base layer for the state-federal GIS database that will be used to evaluate permit applications and construction plans. Steep slopes with poor access, combined with dense vegetation and a thick moss ground-cover that obscures the bedrock surface, make the use of LiDAR one of the most effective ways to map the geology and evaluate unstable slopes and other hazards. Supplemental_Information: This metadata file was written to document and describe, as a whole, all of the classified laser returns (point cloud data) generated for this project. It provides a brief overview of the data acquisition, processing, and quality control steps utilized by DGGS contractors and subcontractors. We encourage users to review the delivery and quality control reports provided by Watershed Sciences, Inc. (WSI) and Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) for a comprehensive discussion of their processes. These reports can be found on the citation page for this publication. The DGGS metadata standard extends the FGDC standard to include elements that are required to facilitate our internal data management. These elements, referred to as "layers," group and describe files that have intrinsic logical or topological relationships. Attribute information for the layers (entity) is included in this metadata file under the "Entity_and_Attribute_Information" section. The layers are titled: >Point-cloud data - all returns - classified:Classified (ASPRS standard) LiDAR attributes for all returns >Point-cloud data - ground returns - classified:Classified (ASPRS standard) LiDAR attributes for ground returns Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2010 Ending_Date: 2011 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -150 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -147 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 65 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 64 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: Aerial Geology Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Geomorphology Theme_Keyword: Geologic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model Theme_Keyword: Hazards Theme_Keyword: LiDAR Theme_Keyword: Point Cloud Data Theme_Keyword: Digital Surface Model (DSM) Theme_Keyword: LiDAR LAS File Format Theme_Keyword: Slope Instability Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Fairbanks Quadrangle Place_Keyword: Alaska, State of Place_Keyword: Trans-Alaska Pipeline Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: Walker, J. D., and Geissman, J. W., compilers, 2009, Geologic Time Scale: Geological Society of America Temporal_Keyword: Holocene Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Person: James Weakland Contact_Position: GIS Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5029 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggsgis@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Data_Set_Credit: Data collection was supported by funding from the Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), the Alaska Gas Pipeline Project Office, the Office of the Federal Coordinator, and the Alaska Gasline Development Corporation (AGDC). LiDAR data were collected and processed by Watershed Sciences, Inc. of Corvallis, OR. Survey data were collected by McClintock Land Associates of Eagle River, AK. LiDAR data and derivative products were checked for quality, completeness, and accuracy by State of Oregon Department of Geology & Mineral Industries based in Portland, OR. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Hubbard, T.D. Originator: Koehler, R.D. Originator: Combellick, R.A. Publication_Date: 2011 Title: High-resolution LiDAR data for Alaska infrastructure corridors Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: imagery and vector data derived from LiDAR LAS files Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2011-3A through RDF 2011-3T Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 291 p Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/22722 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Hubbard, T.D. Originator: Wolken, G.J. Originator: Stevens, D.S.P. Originator: Combellick, R.A. Publication_Date: 2013 Title: High-resolution LiDAR data for the Whittier area, Passage Canal, and Portage Lake, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2013-3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 5 p Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/24976 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: LiDAR flight lines have been examined to ensure that there was at least 60% sidelap, there are no gaps between flight-lines, and overlapping flight-lines have consistent elevation values. Shaded relief images were visually inspected for data errors such as pits, border artifacts, gaps, and shifting. The data was examined at a 1:2000 scale. Watershed Sciences, Inc. (WSI) submitted the data to the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) for independent quality control analysis. After addressing any concerns from DOGAMI, WSI submitted the revised dataset to DGGS along with a technical report describing details about the LiDAR acquisition, accuracy, and quality. DOGAMI also provided a separate report summarizing their methodologies and the results of quality control checks. Both reports are available via the DGGS website. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data consistency varies slightly throughout the project area with higher errors in areas of steep terrain. The tests and processing methods used by WSI and DOGAMI to ensure data consistency are described in the accompanying delivery and quality control reports. Completeness_Report: The entire dataset for this project consists of: (1) continuous 1-mile-width coverage over existing infrastructure along the entire length of the proposed natural gas pipeline corridors from Prudhoe Bay to the Canada border along the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) and Alaska Highway, from Delta Junction to Valdez along the TAPS, and Livengood to the Anchorage area along the George Parks Highway; (2) approximately 1-mile-wide corridors over routes the State believes gas pipeline applicants are considering, where departing from existing infrastructure; (3) half-mile-wide coverage of existing primary pipeline-support roads where outside the main corridor; and (4) expanded areas of coverage along these corridors where data are needed for evaluation of active faults, slope instability, and other hazards. The average native LiDAR pulse density was >= 8 pulses per square meter over terrestrial surfaces. It is not uncommon for some types of surfaces (e.g. dense vegetation or water) to return fewer pulses than the laser originally emitted. These discrepancies between "native" and "delivered" density will vary depending on terrain, land cover, and the prevalence of water bodies. Please see the LiDAR QC report and LiDAR delivery report for additional information. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal accuracy refers to the ability to place laser points from multiple flight lines in the same location. Horizontal accuracy is measured as the divergence between points from overlapping flight lines. Accuracy is affected by system attitude offsets, scale and GPS/IMU drift. Manual system calibration and automated attitude calibration techniques were used to resolve divergence of data. Please see the LiDAR QC report and LiDAR delivery report for specific information about accuracy of LiDAR data. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The vertical accuracy of the LiDAR data is described as the mean and standard deviation of divergence between LiDAR point coordinates and RTK ground survey point coordinates. To provide a sense of the model predictive power of the dataset, the root mean-square error (RMSE) for vertical accuracy is also provided. Please see the LiDAR QC report and LiDAR delivery report for specific information about accuracy and quality of LiDAR data, including a comparison of GCP elevations with bare-earth digital elevation model elevations. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: The American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Publication_Date: 02092008 Title: LAS Specification Version 1.2 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Online_Linkage: http://www.asprs.org/a/society/committees/standards/asprs_las_format_v12.pdf Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 02092008 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ASPRS, 2008 Source_Contribution: point classification categories Process_Step: Process_Description: Data acquisition and processing - This LiDAR dataset was collected and processed by WSI and their survey subcontractor, McClintock Land Associates (October 21-25, 2012). WSI has provided a delivery report which outlines in detail their data acquisition procedures, processing methods, and results of all accuracy assessments. The delivery report is available on the citation page for this publication. Process_Date: 2010 Process_Step: Process_Description: Point-cloud data - all returns - classified - LiDAR data points were classified (ASPRS standard) through automated point processing algorithms and manual inspection. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ASPRS, 2008 Process_Date: 2011 Process_Step: Process_Description: Point-cloud data - ground returns - classified - LiDAR data points that were classified as "ground" were extracted to create the ground point data file. Process_Date: 2011 Process_Step: Process_Description: Quality control - WSI submitted the data to the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) for independent quality control analysis. After addressing any concerns from DOGAMI, WSI submitted the revised data set to DGGS along with a technical report describing details about the LiDAR acquisition, accuracy, and quality. DOGAMI also provided a separate report summarizing their methodologies and the results of quality control checks. Process_Date: 2011 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 6 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -147 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000001 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Planar_Coordinate_Layer_Name: Point-cloud data - all returns - classified Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 6 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -147 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000001 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Planar_Coordinate_Layer_Name: Point-cloud data - ground returns - classified Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 6 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -147 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000001 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Planar_Coordinate_Layer_Name: Point-cloud data - all returns - classified Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 6 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -147 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000001 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Planar_Coordinate_Layer_Name: Point-cloud data - ground returns - classified Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 6 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -147 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000001 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Planar_Coordinate_Layer_Name: Point-cloud data - all returns - classified Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 6 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -147 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000001 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Planar_Coordinate_Layer_Name: Point-cloud data - ground returns - classified Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: all_points Entity_Type_Definition: Data type: Point-cloud data - all returns - classified; Description: Classified (ASPRS standard) LiDAR attributes for all returns; File format: LAS v 1.2 Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Watershed Sciences, Inc. Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Point-cloud data - all returns - classified Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ground_points Entity_Type_Definition: Data type: Point-cloud data - ground returns - classified; Description: Classified (ASPRS standard) LiDAR attributes for ground returns; File format: LAS v 1.2 Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Watershed Sciences, Inc. Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Point-cloud data - ground returns - classified Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (http://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Resource_Description: RDF 2011-3E Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: Current publication is not available on paper. To purchase other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Fees: Contact DGGS for current pricing Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAS v 1.2 File_Decompression_Technique: LASzip Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/22727 Network_Resource_Name: http://maps.dggs.alaska.gov/lidar/ Access_Instructions: The complete set of point cloud data is available to users in LAS 1.2 format. The point cloud files total approximately 428GB. The LAS files included in this dataset have been compressed using LASzip. LASzip is an open source lossless compression for LiDAR point cloud data in the LAS format that provides significant file size reductions. To uncompress the included .laz files, you can use the LASzip tool from our web site: http://maps.dggs.alaska.gov/lidar/bin/laszip.exe, or download the latest version directly from http://laszip.org. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAS v 1.2 File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied Digital_Transfer_Option: Offline_Option: Offline_Media: hard drive Recording_Format: 1 TB USB hard drive Fees: Free download Ordering_Instructions: Please visit: http://maps.dggs.alaska.gov/lidar/ to download the point cloud data associated with this publication. The complete set of point cloud data is available to users in LAS 1.2 format. The point cloud files total approximately 428GB. The LAS files included in this dataset have been compressed using LASzip. LASzip is an open source lossless compression for LiDAR point cloud data in the LAS format that provides significant file size reductions. To uncompress the included .laz files, you can use the LASzip tool from our web site: http://maps.dggs.alaska.gov/lidar/bin/laszip.exe, or download the latest version directly from http://laszip.org. Due to the size of these files we also offer the option to receive this data on a USB hard drive. There are two options for copying the data to a hard drive: (1) DGGS will purchase a brand-new, 1 TB hard drive that you will be billed for when the data is picked up or sent, OR (2) you may provide a new, unopened* (in original packaging, including shrink-wrap - *The State of Alaska IT security policy prohibits non-State resources from being connected to a State of Alaska network. Thus, only unused drives can be used.) 1 TB or larger hard drive. For all orders, please include: title and publication number. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20130820 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Metadata manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Use_Constraints: If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed in the supporting metadata file. User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources or Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions