High-resolution lidar data from the west Susitna area, Southcentral, Alaska

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Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
High-resolution lidar data from the west Susitna area, Southcentral, Alaska
Abstract:
The Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys used airborne lidar to produce a digital terrain model (DTM) and digital surface model (DSM) for the west Susitna area, about 65 km (40 mi) west of Wasilla, Alaska. Airborne data were collected November 4-10, 2019, and subsequently processed in Terrasolid and ArcGIS. Ground control data were concurrently collected by DGGS. All files can be downloaded free of charge from the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys website (<http://doi.org/10.14509/30455>).
Supplemental_Information:
point cloud data:    Classified lidar values. Points were classified in accordance with ASPRS 2014 guidelines. 	
digital surface model:    DSMs represent surface elevations, as they appear to the naked eye. They include the heights of vegetation, buildings, bridges, etc. The DSM is a single band, 32-bit GeoTif file, with a ground sample distance of .5 meters. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+038.	
digital terrain model:    DTMs represent surface elevations of ground surfaces, excluding vegetation, bridges, buildings, etc. The DTM is a single-band, 32-bit float GeoTIFF file, with a ground sample distance of .5 meters. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+038.
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Daanen, R.D., Wolken, G.J., and Herbst, A.M., 2020, High-resolution lidar data from the west Susitna area, Southcentral, Alaska: Raw Data File RDF 2020-5, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 7 p.

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -151.770872
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -150.594323
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 61.941196
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 61.106528

  3. What does it look like?

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Calendar_Date: 2017
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: imagery

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a raster data set.

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 5
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -153
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
      False_Easting: 500000.000000
      False_Northing: 0

      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest .00000001
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest .00000001
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters

      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101000025.

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: NAVD88, GEOID12B
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.5
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    point cloud data
    Classified lidar values. Points were classified in accordance with ASPRS 2014 guidelines. (Source: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS))

    digital surface model
    DSMs represent surface elevations, as they appear to the naked eye. They include the heights of vegetation, buildings, bridges, etc. The DSM is a single band, 32-bit GeoTif file, with a ground sample distance of .5 meters. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+038. (Source: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) and National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration)

    digital terrain model
    DTMs represent surface elevations of ground surfaces, excluding vegetation, bridges, buildings, etc. The DTM is a single-band, 32-bit float GeoTIFF file, with a ground sample distance of .5 meters. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+038. (Source: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) and National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration)


Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

    These data were collected and processed by the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys staff with funding from the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority.

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov

    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays


Why was the data set created?

This dataset includes point cloud data and two 32-bit raster elevation models that cover an area of interest for proposed infrastructure development in the west Susitna region.


How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: 2019 (process 1 of 3)
    Data acquisition - DGGS operates a Riegl VUX1-LR lidar integrated with a GNSS and Northrop Grumman IMU system. The integration was designed by Phoenix LiDAR systems. The sensor is capable of collecting up to 820,000 points per second over a distance of 150 m. This survey was flown at a pulse rate between 200,000 and 400,000 pulses per second, at a scan rate between 80 and 150 loops per second. The average pulse spacing was 31.27 cm and the average density was 10.23 pts/m2. This survey was flown with an average elevation of 1,000 m above ground level and a ground speed of approximately 40 m/s with a fixed wing aircraft configuration, using a Cessna 185 aircraft. The scan angle was set from 55 to 305 degrees. Airborne data were collected November 4-10, 2019. Weather conditions were generally sub-optimal throughout the survey, requiring operations to take place in thick fog and low-lying clouds, at the risk of increased levels of noise in the product. Snow was present across the majority of the study area surface and accumulated throughout the survey period, especially in the northernmost section.

    Date: 2020 (process 2 of 3)
    Point classification - Point cloud data was run through SDCimport software for initial filtering and disambiguation of errors. Once filtered, the point cloud and trajectory data were fused together by integrating IMU and GPS information. Points were classified in accordance with ASPRS 2014 guidelines. A significant amount of noise, due to snow and weather conditions during the survey, was separated from the rest of the data and designated to class 8, model keypoints. All classified points were vertically transformed to maintain a mean offset fewer than 10 cm from surveyed ground control.

    Date: 2020 (process 3 of 3)
    Raster products - Raster products were produced from las files in ArcMap and were clipped according to a lidar point density threshold of 8pts/m2. DTM and DSM were created using a tin-based method.

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    Airborne data were collected on November 4-10, 2019. Weather conditions were generally sub-optimal throughout the survey, requiring operations to take place in thick fog and low-lying clouds, at the risk of increased levels of noise in the product. Snow was present across the majority of the study area surface and accumulated throughout the survey period, especially in the northernmost section. Weather conditions and snow cover resulted in variability of point density throughout the study area. See accompanying report for further discussion of data verification procedures.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    Trimble R8 and R9 RTK GPS systems were used to collect ground control points (GCPs). Seventy-five checkpoints were used to calculate a vertical accuracy of 39 cm RMSE. Internal consistency for the point cloud data was measured at 6.5cm across the project. Points were adjusted for accuracy, according to OPUS corrections, in Trimble Business Center. See accompanying report for a table of checkpoints and further discussion of factors impacting the certainty of data locations.

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

    Seventy-five checkpoints were used to calculate a vertical accuracy of 39 cm RMSE. Relative accuracy was evaluated as the interswath consistency and was measured at 2.1 cm RMSE. The quality of the data is the average elevation compared to an independent dataset. The second aspect of the quality of the data is related to point density distribution over the survey area. The average point density is 10.23 points per square meter. A table of checkpoints and errors is provided in the accompanying report.

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    Elevation surfaces interpolated from areas with a point density of fewer than 1pts/m^2 were classified as nodata. This data release is complete.

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    The tests and processing methods used to ensure data consistency are described in the accompanying report.


How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov

    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    RDF 2020-5

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.

  4. How can I download or order the data?


Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 24-Jun-2020
Metadata author:
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
Attn: Simone Montayne
Metadata Manager
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
USA

(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov

Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:


Generated by mp version 2.9.21 on Wed Jun 24 15:27:08 2020