Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Zechmann, J.M. Originator: Daanen, R.P. Originator: Wikstrom Jones, K.M. Originator: Wolken, G.J. Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Lidar-derived elevation data for Haines, Southeast Alaska, collected October 2021 and October 2022 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2023-18 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 16 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31034 Description: Abstract: Lidar-derived elevation data for Haines, Southeast Alaska, collected October 2021 and October 2022, Raw Data File 2023-18, provides a classified point cloud, digital surface model (DSM), digital terrain model (DTM), and an intensity model of Haines, Southeast Alaska collected by aerial lidar during snow-free ground conditions. The survey provides snow-free surface elevations for assessing landslide hazards and, in two active slide areas, elevation changes between October 2021 and October 2022. Ground control data were collected November 1-3, 2021, and aerial lidar data were collected October 24-26, 2021 and October 2-4, 2022. The data were merged and processed using a suite of geospatial processing software. This data collection is released as a Raw Data File with an open end-user license. All files can be downloaded from the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys website (http://doi.org/10.14509/31034). Purpose: The survey provides snow-free surface elevations for assessing landslide hazards and, in two active slide areas, elevation changes between October 2021 and October 2022. Supplemental_Information: >boundaries: A boundary, also known as an Area of Interest (AOI) or border, that defines the area covered by the data. >classified_points: Classified point cloud data are provided in LAS format. Data are classified following ASPRS 2019 guidelines and contain return and intensity information. For all ground points, the average point spacing is 57.0 cm, and the average density is 3.08 pts/m2. For the 2021 Iron Mountain closeup, the average ground point spacing is 36.4 cm, and the average ground point density is 7.54 pts/m2; for the Iron Mountain 2022 dataset, the average ground point spacing is 58.2 cm, and the average ground point density is 2.95 pts/m2. The Beach Road 2021 closeup has an average ground point spacing of 36.8 cm and an average ground point density of 7.37 pts/m2; for the 2022 Beach Road closeup the average ground point spacing and density were 50.3 cm and 3.95 pts/m2, respectively. Includes a shapefile index of the spatial location and extent of each point cloud (LAS) bin. >dsm: The DSM represents surface elevations, including heights of vegetation, buildings, powerlines, etc. The DSM is a single-band, 32-bit GeoTIFF file of 50-centimeter resolution. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+38 (32-bit, floating-point minimum). >dtm: The DTMs represent bare earth elevations, excluding vegetation, bridges, buildings, etc. We produced five DTMs, one 50-cm DTM named DTM and four 20-cm DTMs named DTM_detail_iron_mountain_2021, DTM_detail_iron_mountain_2022, DTM_detail_beach _road_2021, and DTM_detail_beach_road_2022. All DTMs are single-band, 32-bit float GeoTIFF files. The higher-resolution DTMs were identified as areas of significant ground surface elevation change between October 2021 and October 2022. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+38. >lidar_intensity: The lidar intensity image describes the relative amplitude of reflected signals contributing to the point cloud. Lidar intensity is primarily a function of scanned object reflectance in relation to the signal frequency, is dependent on ambient conditions, and is not necessarily consistent between separate scans. The intensity image is a single-band, 16-bit unsigned GeoTIFF file of 0.5-meter resolution. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+38. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20211024 Ending_Date: 20221004 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -136.255703 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -135.294674 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 59.561386 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 59.076243 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: DGGS Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model Theme_Keyword: Digital Surface Model (DSM) Theme_Keyword: Digital Terrain Model Theme_Keyword: Elevation Theme_Keyword: Emergency Preparedness Theme_Keyword: Engineering Theme_Keyword: Engineering Geology Theme_Keyword: Geologic Theme_Keyword: Geologic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Geological Process Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Geomorphology Theme_Keyword: Geotechnical Theme_Keyword: Hazards Theme_Keyword: Landslide Theme_Keyword: Landslide Susceptibility Theme_Keyword: LiDAR Theme_Keyword: LiDAR Intensity Image Theme_Keyword: LiDAR LAS File Format Theme_Keyword: Point Cloud Data Theme_Keyword: Raster Image Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing Theme_Keyword: Slope Theme_Keyword: Slope Instability Theme_Keyword: Surface Theme_Keyword: Surficial Theme_Keyword: Surficial Geology Theme_Keyword: Topography Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Battery Point Place_Keyword: Bear Creek Place_Keyword: Chilkat Place_Keyword: Chilkat Inlet Place_Keyword: Chilkat Peak Place_Keyword: Chilkat Peninsula Place_Keyword: Chilkat River Place_Keyword: Chilkoot Inlet Place_Keyword: Chilkoot Lake Place_Keyword: Dalasuga Island Place_Keyword: Deshu Isthmus Place_Keyword: Dok Point Place_Keyword: Ferebee River Place_Keyword: Four Winds Mountain Place_Keyword: Glass Point Place_Keyword: Haines Place_Keyword: Halutu Peninsula Place_Keyword: Iron Mountain Place_Keyword: Jenkins Rock Place_Keyword: Johnson Creek Place_Keyword: Kalhagu Cove Place_Keyword: Kaskulu Point Place_Keyword: Kelgaya Point Place_Keyword: Klehini River Place_Keyword: Klukwan Place_Keyword: Klukwan Dam Place_Keyword: Kohklux Place_Keyword: Lehunua Island Place_Keyword: Lehunua Point Place_Keyword: Letnikof Cove Place_Keyword: Lily Lake Place_Keyword: Lutak Place_Keyword: Lynn Canal Place_Keyword: Mink Creek Place_Keyword: Moose Valley Place_Keyword: Mosquito Lake Place_Keyword: Mount Prinsep Place_Keyword: Mount Ripinski Place_Keyword: Mud Bay Place_Keyword: Muncaster Creek Place_Keyword: Nahku Portage Place_Keyword: Nataga Creek Place_Keyword: Nukdik Point Place_Keyword: Paradise Cove Place_Keyword: Pyramid Island Place_Keyword: Rosaunt Creek Place_Keyword: Rustabach Lake Place_Keyword: Seduction Point Place_Keyword: Shakuseyi Creek Place_Keyword: Shiyi Bay Place_Keyword: Southeast Alaska Place_Keyword: Taiyasanka Harbor Place_Keyword: Takhin River Place_Keyword: Takshanuk Mountains Place_Keyword: Tanani Beach Place_Keyword: Tanani Village Place_Keyword: Tlegu Beach Place_Keyword: Tsirku River Place_Keyword: Tukgahgo Mountain Place_Keyword: Vanderbilt Point Place_Keyword: Yindastuki Place_Keyword: Zimovia Point Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Data_Set_Credit: This survey area is on the traditional homelands of the Tlingit people. This project was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency grant number EMS-2021-CA-00013. We thank Coastal Helicopters for their aviation expertise and contribution to these data products, and the Alaska Division of Mining, Land and Water for providing ground control points. Additionally, we thank Greg Palmeri of the Alaska Division of Forestry & Fire Protection for his help selecting survey area priorities. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Daanen, R.P. Originator: Herbst, A.M. Originator: Wikstrom Jones, K.M. Originator: Wolken, G.J. Publication_Date: 2021 Title: High-resolution lidar data for Haines, Southcentral Alaska, December 8-12, 2020 Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2021-4 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 8 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30595 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wolken, G.J. Originator: Wikstrom Jones, K.M. Originator: Whorton, E.N. Originator: Gould, A.I. Originator: Hendricks, M.D. Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Photogrammetric data of the Haines Highway corridor: May 26, 2014 Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2017-6 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 20 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29736 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Not applicable Logical_Consistency_Report: There was no over-collect except for aircraft turns that were eliminated from the dataset. Data quality is consistent throughout the survey, save for a strip without coverage due to instrument error in the northern part of the study area, and over some glaciated areas where there were few returns due to ground cover conditions. Completeness_Report: This data relaease is complete. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: We did not measure horizontal accuracy for this collection. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: We measured a mean offset of -16.5 cm between 257 control points and the point cloud. We reduced this offset to 0.8 cm by performing a rubber-sheet vertical correction of the lidar point data. We used 65 checkpoints to determine the vertical accuracy of the point cloud ground class using a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) approach. We calculated the project vertical accuracy to have a root mean square error (RMSE) of 6.4 cm. We evaluated the relative accuracy for this dataset as the interswath overlap consistency and measured it at 8.6 cm RMSE. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Ground survey - Ground control points were collected by the Alaska Division of Mining, Land and Water (DMLW) during several sessions from November 1-3, 2021. They deployed a Trimble R12 GNSS receiver to provide a base station occupation and real-time kinematic (RTK) corrections to points surveyed with a rover Trimble R12i GNSS receiver (internal antenna). Each survey session covered a specific geographical area. The base station was moved to different sites to remain within 15 km and line-of-sight of the rover. The DMLW collected 322 ground control points and checkpoints to use for calibration and to assess the vertical accuracy of the point cloud. Points were collected in forest, shrubland, bare earth, and paved surfaces. Process_Date: 20211103 Process_Step: Process_Description: Aerial photogrammetric survey - DGGS used a Riegl VUX1-LR laser scanner integrated with a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and Northrop Grumman LN-200C inertial measurement unit (IMU) designed by Phoenix LiDAR Systems. The sensor can collect up to 820,000 points per second at a range of up to 150 m. The scanner operated with a pulse refresh rate of 200,000-400,000 pulses per second over forested terrain, and 50,000-100,000 pulses per second over alpine terrain, with a scan rate between 80 and 220 lines per second. We used a Bell Jet Ranger helicopter to survey from an elevation of approximately 50-700 m above ground level, at a ground speed of approximately 30 m/s, and with a scan angle set from 80 to 280 degrees. The total survey area covers approximately 471 km2. The survey area was accessed by air from Haines Airport. See report for data collection start and end times and weather conditions. The 2021 weather conditions were not ideal, and the resultant dataset was not complete. We revisited the area in 2022 to collect additional data in the areas with poor coverage. Process_Date: 20221004 Process_Step: Process_Description: Lidar dataset processing - To produce the final point cloud and whole-area DTM and DSM, we merged point data collected in 2021 with point data collected in 2022. Once data processing was complete, we produced additional detail DTMs by extracting points by year from two specific locations, namely Beach Road and Iron Mountain. We processed point data in SDCimport software for initial filtering and multiple-time-around (MTA) disambiguation. MTA errors, corrected in this process, result from ambiguous interpretations of received pulse time intervals and occur more frequently with higher pulse refresh rates. We processed IMU and GNSS data in Inertial Explorer, and we used Spatial Explorer software to integrate flightline information with the point cloud. We calibrated the point data at an incrementally precise scale of sensor movement and behavior, incorporating sensor velocity, roll, pitch, and yaw fluctuations throughout the survey. We created macros in Terrasolid software and classified points per the American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing (ASPRS) 2019 guidelines (ASPRS, 2019). Once classified, we applied a geometric transformation and converted the points from ellipsoidal heights to GEOID12B (Alaska) orthometric heights. We used ArcGIS Pro to derive raster products from the point cloud. A 50 cm DSM was interpolated from maximum return values from the ground, vegetation, bridge deck, and building classes using a binning method. A 50 cm DTM was interpolated from all ground class returns using a binning method and minimum values. Additionally, four closeup DTMs were created: a 20 cm DTM of the Iron Mountain area using 2021 lidar data; a 20 cm DTM of the Iron Mountain area using 2022 lidar data; a 20 cm DTM of the Beach Road slide using 2021 lidar data; and a 20 cm DTM of the Beach Road slide using 2022 lidar data. All closeup DTMs used triangulation for interpolation. We also produced an intensity image for the entire area using average binning in ArcGIS Pro. Process_Date: 2022 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: raster Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 8 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -135 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: .00000001 Ordinate_Resolution: .00000001 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 (2011) Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: NAVD88, GEOID12B Altitude_Resolution: 0.001 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: boundaries Entity_Type_Definition: A boundary, also known as an Area of Interest (AOI) or border, that defines the area covered by the data. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: DGGS Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: boundaries Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: classified_points Entity_Type_Definition: Classified point cloud data are provided in LAS format. Data are classified following ASPRS 2019 guidelines and contain return and intensity information. For all ground points, the average point spacing is 57.0 cm, and the average density is 3.08 pts/m2. For the 2021 Iron Mountain closeup, the average ground point spacing is 36.4 cm, and the average ground point density is 7.54 pts/m2; for the Iron Mountain 2022 dataset, the average ground point spacing is 58.2 cm, and the average ground point density is 2.95 pts/m2. The Beach Road 2021 closeup has an average ground point spacing of 36.8 cm and an average ground point density of 7.37 pts/m2; for the 2022 Beach Road closeup the average ground point spacing and density were 50.3 cm and 3.95 pts/m2, respectively. Includes a shapefile index of the spatial location and extent of each point cloud (LAS) bin. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: DGGS Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: classified_points Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: dsm Entity_Type_Definition: The DSM represents surface elevations, including heights of vegetation, buildings, powerlines, etc. The DSM is a single-band, 32-bit GeoTIFF file of 50-centimeter resolution. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+38 (32-bit, floating-point minimum). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: DGGS Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: dsm Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: dtm Entity_Type_Definition: The DTMs represent bare earth elevations, excluding vegetation, bridges, buildings, etc. We produced five DTMs, one 50-cm DTM named DTM and four 20-cm DTMs named DTM_detail_iron_mountain_2021, DTM_detail_iron_mountain_2022, DTM_detail_beach _road_2021, and DTM_detail_beach_road_2022. All DTMs are single-band, 32-bit float GeoTIFF files. The higher-resolution DTMs were identified as areas of significant ground surface elevation change between October 2021 and October 2022. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+38. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: DGGS Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: dtm Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: lidar_intensity Entity_Type_Definition: The lidar intensity image describes the relative amplitude of reflected signals contributing to the point cloud. Lidar intensity is primarily a function of scanned object reflectance in relation to the signal frequency, is dependent on ambient conditions, and is not necessarily consistent between separate scans. The intensity image is a single-band, 16-bit unsigned GeoTIFF file of 0.5-meter resolution. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+38. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: DGGS Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: lidar_intensity Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Resource_Description: RDF 2023-18 Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount. Fees: Contact DGGS for current pricing Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: data Format_Version_Date: 20240209 Format_Information_Content: boundaries, classified points, dsm, dtm and lidar intensity Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.14509/31034 Fees: Free download Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240209 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Person: Simone Montayne Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Use_Constraints: If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed in the supporting metadata file. User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources or Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: https://dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions