Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Loewen, M.W. Originator: Wallace, Kristi Originator: Coombs, M.L. Originator: Mulliken, K.M. Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Tephra samples and analyses from Cook Inlet source volcanoes and Anchor Point, Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: csv Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2023-25 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 4 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31090 Description: Abstract: Tephra samples and analyses from Cook Inlet source volcanoes and Anchor Point, Alaska, Raw Data File 2023-25, provides samples and analyses collected from source volcanoes of the Cook Inlet region, Alaska, including Hayes Volcano, Mount Spurr, Redoubt Volcano, Iliamna Volcano, Augustine Volcano, Mount Douglas, Fourpeaked Mountain, and Kaguyak Crater. The report also includes tephra and soil samples and analyses from a stratigraphic section examined near Anchor Point, Alaska. These samples were collected over many years during geologic investigations of the eruptive histories for these source volcanoes, and in regional studies of eruption impacts, and are compiled here to support research characterizing the composition and impacts of these volcanoes on the Cook Inlet region. The analytical data tables associated with this report are provided in digital format as comma-separated value (CSV) files. They are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/31090 and are archived in the Geologic Database of Information on Volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA; Cameron and others, 2022, doi.org/10.14509/geodiva). Purpose: These samples were collected over many years during geologic investigations of the eruptive histories for these source volcanoes, and in regional studies of eruption impacts, and are compiled here to support research characterizing the composition and impacts of these volcanoes on the Cook Inlet region. This data describes the nature and character of samples from a past eruption to aid in the discussion of spatial and temporal patterns of Alaska volcanism. In addition, the work supports improvements to eruption scenario forecasts and hazard response. Supplemental_Information: >Carbon: Radiocarbon results for a subset of samples. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. >EPMA: Electron microprobe glass analyses. Most analyses are of matrix glass although a few melt inclusion analyses are included, as indicated by a suffix on the at_num and in the sample description. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. >GlassAvg: Synthesizes EPMA and Laser analyses as a single row for each sample and uncertainties calculated from repeat sample analyses. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. >Laser: Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of matrix glass. The table also includes the electron microprobe analyses associated with each laser analysis, and thus duplicates some information the EPMA table. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. >LaserStandards: Laser ablation secondary standard results and summary statistics for laser ablation secondary standards. Unlike other tables this is not machine-readable and acts as a set of supplementary tables to the text. >Layers: Stratigraphic observations collected at a subset of stations. Station data can be linked with the StationID column. >Samples: Metadata for collected samples. Samples can be linked to the Stations or Layers data through the StationID and layer_name columns. >Stations: Station observations and station coordinates. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2008 Ending_Date: 2023 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -154.119404 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -151.655450 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 61.896171 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 58.557962 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: Active Volcanoes Theme_Keyword: Analyses Theme_Keyword: Analyses and Sampling Theme_Keyword: Analytical Lab Results Theme_Keyword: Analytical Results Theme_Keyword: Ashfall Theme_Keyword: Chemistry Theme_Keyword: Coastal Theme_Keyword: Coastal and River Theme_Keyword: DGGS Theme_Keyword: Geochemical Data Theme_Keyword: Geochemistry Theme_Keyword: Geologic Theme_Keyword: Geologic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Geological Process Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Glass Theme_Keyword: Hazards Theme_Keyword: Igneous Theme_Keyword: Lab Methods Theme_Keyword: Laser Ablation Theme_Keyword: Methods Theme_Keyword: Microprobe Analysis Theme_Keyword: Pyroclastics Theme_Keyword: Radiocarbon Ages Theme_Keyword: Radiocarbon Dating Theme_Keyword: Sample Location Theme_Keyword: Statistics Theme_Keyword: Stratigraphy Theme_Keyword: Tephra Theme_Keyword: Trace Elements Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Ash Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Eruption Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Rocks Theme_Keyword: Volcaniclastic Deposits Theme_Keyword: Volcaniclastics Theme_Keyword: Volcanoes Theme_Keyword: Volcanology Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Anchor Point Place_Keyword: Augustine Volcano Place_Keyword: Big River Place_Keyword: Capps Glacier Place_Keyword: Chakachatna River Place_Keyword: Cook Inlet Place_Keyword: Crater Peak Place_Keyword: Fourpeaked Mountain Place_Keyword: Harpoon Glacier Place_Keyword: Hayes River Place_Keyword: Hayes Volcano Place_Keyword: Iliamna Volcano Place_Keyword: Johnson Glacier Place_Keyword: Kaguyak Crater Place_Keyword: Mount Douglas Place_Keyword: Mount Spurr Place_Keyword: Open Creek Place_Keyword: Redoubt Volcano Place_Keyword: Spring Creek Place_Keyword: Straight Creek Place_Keyword: Trimble River Place_Keyword: Troublesome Creek Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Data_Set_Credit: We appreciate field sampling and support by Chris Waythomas, Dawnika Blatter, Tim Orr, Andy Calvert, and Judy Fierstein. Analytical assistance was provided by Pavel Izbekov, Nate Graham (EPMA), Chris Russo, Andy Ungerer (LA-ICP-MS), and Alexander Cherkinsky (radiocarbon). Data preparation and metadata review was provided by Cheryl Cameron and Simone Montayne with editing by Kristen Janssen. Data review was provided by Laura Walkup. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Loewen, M.W. Originator: Wallace, K.L. Originator: Lubbers, Jordan Originator: Ruth, Dawn Originator: Izbekov, P.E. Originator: Larsen, J.F. Originator: Graham, Nathan Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Glass electron microprobe analyses methods, precision and accuracy for tephra studies in Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 174 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 20 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31045 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Loewen, M.W. Originator: Wallace, Kristi Originator: Coombs, M.L. Originator: Mulliken, K.M. Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Tephra samples and analyses from Cook Inlet source volcanoes and Anchor Point, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2023-25 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 4 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31090 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Lubbers, Jordan Originator: Loewen, M.W. Originator: Wallace, Kristi Originator: Coombs, M.L. Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Source compositions of large tephra-production eruptions in Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2023-26 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 3 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31091 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Mulliken, K.M. Originator: Schaefer, J.R. Originator: Cameron, C.E. Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Geospatial distribution of tephra fall in Alaska: a geodatabase compilation of published tephra fall occurrences from the Pleistocene to the present Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 164 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 46 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29847 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Schaefer, J.R. Originator: Mulliken, K.M. Originator: Cameron, C.E. Originator: Wallace, K.L. Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Digitizing Alaska's ashfall record: a tephra geospatial database (poster): International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) 2017 Scientific Assembly, November 14-18, 2017 Series_Information: Series_Name: Poster and Presentation Issue_Identification: Schaefer, J.R. and others, 2017 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 1 sheet Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29747 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wallace, K.L. Originator: Cameron, C.E. Originator: Waythomas, C.F. Originator: Perreault, J.M. Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Major-oxide and trace-element geochemical data from the tephra collected on Veniaminof volcano, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2020-17 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 5 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30578 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wallace, K.L. Originator: Hayden, L.A. Originator: Neal, C.A. Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Major-element glass compositions of tephra from the circa 3.6 ka eruption of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2017-9 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 9 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29777 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Worden, A.K. Originator: Schaefer, J.R. Originator: Mulliken, K.M. Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Tephra occurrence in Alaska: a map-based compilation of stratigraphic tephra data Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 165 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 19 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30059 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The data tables provide calculated 2 sigma level uncertainty values for all ages and isotope ratios. Logical_Consistency_Report: Not applicable Completeness_Report: This data releaase is complete. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Locations were typically determined using various handheld GPS devices and thus are only accurate to ~10 m. The location of sample Y-3 is unknown, and a default location was entered for the source volcano (Kaguyak Crater). Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Field Data - Samples included in this report were collected over eight field seasons since 2004, supporting geologic investigations on individual volcanoes and regional studies. Latitude and longitude are reported in the NAD83 datum. Locations were typically determined using various handheld GPS devices and thus are only accurate to approximately 10 m. The location of sample Y-3 is unknown, and a default location was entered for the source volcano (Kaguyak Crater). Station names (StationID) were assigned to sample locations and areas of general observation (fig. 2); sample names (SampleID) correspond to specific samples and include sample descriptions. Laboratory identification numbers (at_num) were assigned during laboratory processing and analysis to keep track of "child" samples. Process_Date: 2021 Process_Step: Process_Description: Radiocarbon Analyses - Peat samples from station 17KWLCI025 were analyzed at the University of Georgia Center for Applied Isotope Studies (CAIS) by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) to determine carbon (C) isotope 14C radiocarbon ages. Samples were dried at room temperature within six weeks of collection in the field then submitted to CAIS where they were treated with 1N HCl at 80 degrees C for one hour to remove carbonate material and washed with deionized water before drying at 60 degrees C. Dried samples were combusted at 900 degrees C in an evacuated sealed quartz ampoule in the presence of copper oxide (CuO). Graphite 14C/13C ratios were measured with a 0.5 MeV accelerator mass spectrometer with isotope ratios compared to Oxalic Acid II (NBS SRM 4990C). Ratios of 13C/12C were measured separately using a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer and are reported as delta 13C relative to Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB). Reported uncalibrated ages (AgeInterpreted) are given in radiocarbon years before 1950 using a 14C half-life of 5,568 years. Calibration calculated used the R-package Bchron (Haslett and Parnell, 2008). Process_Date: 2022 Process_Step: Process_Description: Electron Microprobe Analyses - Tephra samples were mounted in epoxy and polished for electron microprobe analysis in the Alaska Tephra Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Anchorage Alaska. Analyses were performed at the University of Alaska Fairbanks Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory on a JEOL JXA 8530F instrument. Detailed methodology and analysis of accuracy and precision can be found in Loewen and others (2023). Process_Date: 2022 Process_Step: Process_Description: Laser Ablation Analyses - After electron microprobe analysis, a subset of suitably glassy tephras were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS at the Oregon State University W.M. Keck Collaboratory for Plasma Spectrometry using Photo Machines Analyte G2 193 nm ArF Excimer Laser coupled to a Thermoscientific X Series 2 (2018) or iCAP RQ (2022) ICP-MS. Ablation was performed with a 50 microns (2018) or 30 microns (2012) spot, 4.8 J/cm2 (2018) or 6.3 J/cm2 (2022) beam energy, and 7 Hz pulse rate for approximately 25 seconds. Prior to analysis the carbon coat was removed with light polishing, and analysis locations were pre-ablated with four pulses of a 110-microns-diameter beam. Concentrations were determined using in-house reduction software written in Visual Basic and described in Loewen and Kent (2012), using GSE-1G as a calibration standard and using the silicon (Si) isotope 29Si - as independently constrained by electron microprobe analysis - as an internal standard. Secondary standards included GSD-1G, NIST-612, BHVO-2G, BCR-2G, and ATHO-G. Process_Date: 2022 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-25_Carbon.csv, RDF2023-25_Carbon-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Radiocarbon results for a subset of samples. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Carbon Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-25_EPMA.csv, RDF2023-25_EPMA-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Electron microprobe glass analyses. Most analyses are of matrix glass although a few melt inclusion analyses are included, as indicated by a suffix on the at_num and in the sample description. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: EPMA Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-25_GlassAvg.csv, RDF2023-25_GlassAvg-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Synthesizes EPMA and Laser analyses as a single row for each sample and uncertainties calculated from repeat sample analyses. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: GlassAvg Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-25_Laser.csv, RDF2023-25_Laser-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of matrix glass. The table also includes the electron microprobe analyses associated with each laser analysis, and thus duplicates some information the EPMA table. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Laser Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-25_LaserStandards.csv, RDF2023-25_LaserStandardSummary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Laser ablation secondary standard results and summary statistics for laser ablation secondary standards. Unlike other tables this is not machine-readable and acts as a set of supplementary tables to the text. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: LaserStandards Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-25_Layers.csv, RDF2023-25_Layers-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Stratigraphic observations collected at a subset of stations. Station data can be linked with the StationID column. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Layers Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-25_Samples.csv, RDF2023-25_Samples-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Metadata for collected samples. Samples can be linked to the Stations or Layers data through the StationID and layer_name columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Samples Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-25_Stations.csv, RDF2023-25_Stations-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Station observations and station coordinates. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Stations Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Resource_Description: RDF 2023-25 Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount. Fees: Contact DGGS for current pricing Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: csv Format_Version_Date: 20240130 Format_Information_Content: table Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.14509/31090 Fees: Free download Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240130 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Person: Simone Montayne Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Use_Constraints: If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed in the supporting metadata file. User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources or Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: https://dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions