Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Lubbers, Jordan Originator: Loewen, M.W. Originator: Wallace, Kristi Originator: Coombs, M.L. Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Source compositions of large tephra-production eruptions in Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: csv Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2023-26 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 3 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31091 Description: Abstract: Source compositions of large tephra-production eruptions in Alaska, Raw Data File 2023-26, provides new in situ geochemical analyses from previously collected samples originally utilized/interpreted in the Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems publication "Probabilistic source classification of large tephra producing eruptions using supervised machine learning: An example from the Alaska-Aleutian arc" (Lubbers, Loewen, and others, 2023). The samples and analyses comprise 31 eruptions from 16 Alaska volcanoes. All samples have been archived in the Geologic Database of Information on Volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA; Cameron and others, 2022, doi.org/10.14509/geodiva). They are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/31091. Purpose: These samples were collected over many years during geologic investigations of the eruptive histories of these source volcanoes and in regional studies of eruption impacts. They are compiled here to support research characterizing the composition and impacts of these volcanoes. These data describe the nature of samples from a past eruption to aid in discussing Alaska volcanism's spatial and temporal patterns. In addition, the work supports improvements to eruption scenario forecasts and hazard response. Supplemental_Information: >EPMA: This table includes electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analyses. Analyses are of matrix glass. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the AT_num column. >EPMAStandards: This table includes EPMA standard reference material (SRM) analyses. This table includes summary statistics for EPMA SRM analyses. The EPMAStandardsSummary and the LaserStandardsSummary tables are not machine-readable and are supplementary tables to the text. >Laser: This table includes laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of matrix glass. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the AT_num column. >LaserStandards: This table includes LA-ICP-MS SRM analyses. The summary table includes summary statistics for LA-ICP-MS SRM analyses. The LaserStandardsSummary and the EPMAStandardsSummary tables are not machine-readable and are supplementary tables to the text. >References: This table includes references used throughout the following tabs. There are columns for “short” (i.e., in-text) and full (i.e., bibliography) versions of each reference. >Samples: This table includes metadata for all analyzed samples. Samples can be linked across tables using the AT_num column. >Stations: Station observations and station coordinates. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1992 Ending_Date: 2023 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -178.790000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.000000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 63.000000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 51.760000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: Active Volcanoes Theme_Keyword: Analyses Theme_Keyword: Analyses and Sampling Theme_Keyword: Analytical Lab Results Theme_Keyword: Analytical Results Theme_Keyword: Ashfall Theme_Keyword: Chemistry Theme_Keyword: Coastal Theme_Keyword: Coastal and River Theme_Keyword: DGGS Theme_Keyword: Geochemical Data Theme_Keyword: Geochemistry Theme_Keyword: Geochronology Theme_Keyword: Geologic Theme_Keyword: Geologic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Geological Process Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Glass Theme_Keyword: Hazards Theme_Keyword: Igneous Theme_Keyword: Lab Methods Theme_Keyword: Laser Ablation Theme_Keyword: Methods Theme_Keyword: Microprobe Analysis Theme_Keyword: Pyroclastics Theme_Keyword: Rhyolite Theme_Keyword: Sample Location Theme_Keyword: Statistics Theme_Keyword: Tephra Theme_Keyword: Trace Elements Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Ash Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Eruption Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Rocks Theme_Keyword: Volcaniclastic Deposits Theme_Keyword: Volcaniclastics Theme_Keyword: Volcanoes Theme_Keyword: Volcanology Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Adagdak Place_Keyword: Akutan Volcano Place_Keyword: Alaska Range Place_Keyword: Aleutian Islands Place_Keyword: Aleutian Peninsula Place_Keyword: Aniakchak Caldera Place_Keyword: Arch Rock Place_Keyword: Ashishik Point Place_Keyword: Black Creek Place_Keyword: Black Lake Place_Keyword: Black Nose Place_Keyword: Bristol Bay Place_Keyword: Bunker Hill Place_Keyword: Buttress Range Place_Keyword: Cave Rock Place_Keyword: Cold Bay Place_Keyword: Emmons Lake Caldera Place_Keyword: Expedition Island Place_Keyword: Falling Mountain Place_Keyword: Fish Rock Place_Keyword: Fisher Caldera Place_Keyword: Gareloi Place_Keyword: Goblers Knob Place_Keyword: Hayes River Place_Keyword: Hayes Volcano Place_Keyword: Hidden Creek Place_Keyword: Iliuliuk Harbor Place_Keyword: Kaguyak Place_Keyword: Katmai Place_Keyword: Katmai Caldera Place_Keyword: Mageik Creek Place_Keyword: Makushin Place_Keyword: Makushin Volcano Place_Keyword: Mount Churchill Place_Keyword: Mount Veniaminof Place_Keyword: North Creek Place_Keyword: Novarupta Place_Keyword: Okmok Place_Keyword: Semisopochnoi Place_Keyword: South Channel Place_Keyword: Spring Creek Place_Keyword: Tuscarora Rock Place_Keyword: Ukinrek Maars Place_Keyword: Unalaska Place_Keyword: Unalaska Bay Place_Keyword: Unalaska Lake Place_Keyword: Veniaminof Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Data_Set_Credit: We thank the field geologists who, over numerous decades, collected most of the samples used in this project. Analytical assistance was provided by Dawn Ruth (EPMA) and Chris Russo (LA-ICP-MS). We would also like to thank Simone Montayne and Laura Walkup for their constructive reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Loewen, M.W. Originator: Wallace, K.L. Originator: Lubbers, Jordan Originator: Ruth, Dawn Originator: Izbekov, P.E. Originator: Larsen, J.F. Originator: Graham, Nathan Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Glass electron microprobe analyses methods, precision and accuracy for tephra studies in Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 174 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 20 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31045 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Loewen, M.W. Originator: Wallace, Kristi Originator: Coombs, M.L. Originator: Mulliken, K.M. Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Tephra samples and analyses from Cook Inlet source volcanoes and Anchor Point, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2023-25 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 4 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31090 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Mulliken, K.M. Originator: Schaefer, J.R. Originator: Cameron, C.E. Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Geospatial distribution of tephra fall in Alaska: a geodatabase compilation of published tephra fall occurrences from the Pleistocene to the present Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 164 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 46 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29847 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wallace, K.L. Originator: Cameron, C.E. Originator: Waythomas, C.F. Originator: Perreault, J.M. Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Major-oxide and trace-element geochemical data from the tephra collected on Veniaminof volcano, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2020-17 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 5 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30578 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wallace, K.L. Originator: Hayden, L.A. Originator: Neal, C.A. Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Major-element glass compositions of tephra from the circa 3.6 ka eruption of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2017-9 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 9 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29777 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Worden, A.K. Originator: Schaefer, J.R. Originator: Mulliken, K.M. Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Tephra occurrence in Alaska: a map-based compilation of stratigraphic tephra data Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 165 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 19 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30059 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The data tables provide calculated 2 sigma level uncertainty values for all ages and isotope ratios. All requisite metadata for samples (e.g., collection date, location, collector) can be found by querying the Geologic Database for information on Volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA; doi.org/10.14509/geodiva) using the StationID. Logical_Consistency_Report: Not applicable Completeness_Report: This data releaase is complete. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Locations were typically determined using various handheld GPS devices and thus are accurate to ~10 m. In some cases the station location is the volcano's default coordinates in GeoDiva. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Field Data - Samples included in this report were collected over multiple field seasons between 1992 and 2021, supporting geologic investigations on individual volcanoes and regional studies. Latitude and longitude are reported in the NAD83 datum. Locations were typically determined using various handheld GPS devices and thus are accurate to approximately 10 m. Station names (StationID) were assigned to sample locations and areas of general observation; sample names (SampleID) correspond to specific samples and include sample descriptions. Laboratory id numbers (AT_num) were assigned during laboratory processing and analysis to keep track of "child" samples. Process_Date: 2021 Process_Step: Process_Description: Electron Microprobe Analyses - Tephra samples were mounted in epoxy and polished for EPMA analysis at the USGS Menlo Park JEOL JXA 8530 F+ EPMA. Detailed methodology of analysis accuracy and precision is found in Loewen and others (2023). Process_Date: 2022 Process_Step: Process_Description: Laser Ablation Analyses - Trace element concentrations in tephra were measured using an Applied Spectra RESOlution SE ArF excimer laser system connected to a ThermoFisher Scientific iCAP-RQ ICP-MS at the Oregon State University W.M. Keck Collaboratory for Plasma Spectrometry. Analyses were conducted with a 24 µm spot, pulse rate of 10 Hz, fluence of 7.2 J/cm2, and ablation time of 22 seconds. Elemental concentrations were calculated from raw signals using the software LaserTRAM-DB (Lubbers, Kent, and Russo, 2023), which follows the methodology of Longerich and others (1996). The silicon (Si) isotope 29Si was used as the internal standard, and GSE-1G was the primary calibration standard. Si concentrations were independently constrained using EPMA analyses of the same region of matrix glass. Secondary SRMs included GSD-1G, BCR-2G, ATHO-G, and NIST-612. Process_Date: 2022 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-26_EPMA.csv, RDF2023-26_EPMA-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: This table includes electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analyses. Analyses are of matrix glass. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the AT_num column. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: EPMA Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-26_EPMAStandards.csv, RDF2023-26_EPMAStandardSummary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: This table includes EPMA standard reference material (SRM) analyses. This table includes summary statistics for EPMA SRM analyses. The EPMAStandardsSummary and the LaserStandardsSummary tables are not machine-readable and are supplementary tables to the text. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: EPMAStandards Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-26_Laser.csv, RDF2023-26_Laser-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: This table includes laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of matrix glass. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the AT_num column. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Laser Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-25_LaserStandards.csv, RDF2023-25_LaserStandardSummary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: This table includes LA-ICP-MS SRM analyses. The summary table includes summary statistics for LA-ICP-MS SRM analyses. The LaserStandardsSummary and the EPMAStandardsSummary tables are not machine-readable and are supplementary tables to the text. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: LaserStandards Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: rdf2023-26_References.csv Entity_Type_Definition: This table includes references used throughout the following tabs. There are columns for “short” (i.e., in-text) and full (i.e., bibliography) versions of each reference. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: References Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: rdf2023-26_Samples.csv, rdf2023-26_Samples-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: This table includes metadata for all analyzed samples. Samples can be linked across tables using the AT_num column. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Samples Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-26_Stations.csv, RDF2023-26_Stations-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Station observations and station coordinates. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Stations Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Resource_Description: RDF 2023-26 Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount. 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User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources or Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: https://dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions