Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicolsky, D.J. Originator: Suleimani, E.N. Originator: Combellick, R.A. Originator: Hansen, R.A. Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Tsunami inundation maps of Whittier and western Passage Canal, Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report, digital-data Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2011-7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 65 p. Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.14509/23244 Description: Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential tsunami hazards for the community of Whittier and western Passage Canal area. We numerically model the extent of inundation due to tsunami waves generated from earthquake and landslide sources. Tsunami scenarios include a repeat of the tsunami triggered by the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake, as well as tsunami waves generated by a hypothetically extended 1964 rupture, a hypothetical Cascadia megathrust earthquake, hypothetical earthquakes in Prince William Sound, and Kodiak asperities of the 1964 rupture. Local underwater landslide and rockslide events in Passage Canal are also considered as credible tsunamigenic scenarios. Results of numerical modeling combined with historical observations in the region are intended to provide guidance to local emergency management agencies in tsunami hazard assessment, evacuation planning, and public education for reducing future tsunami damage. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential tsunami hazards for the community of Whittier and western Passage Canal area. We numerically model the extent of inundation due to tsunami waves generated from earthquake and landslide sources. Tsunami scenarios include a repeat of the tsunami triggered by the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake, as well as tsunami waves generated by a hypothetically extended 1964 rupture, a hypothetical Cascadia megathrust earthquake, hypothetical earthquakes in Prince William Sound, and Kodiak asperities of the 1964 rupture. Local underwater landslide and rockslide events in Passage Canal are also considered as credible tsunamigenic scenarios. Results of numerical modeling combined with historical observations in the region are intended to provide guidance to local emergency management agencies in tsunami hazard assessment, evacuation planning, and public education for reducing future tsunami damage. Supplemental_Information: The DGGS metadata standard extends the FGDC standard to include elements that are required to facilitate our internal data management. These elements, referred to as "layers," group and describe files that have intrinsic logical or topological relationships and correspond to subdirectories within the data distribution package. The metadata layer provides the metadata or other documentation files. Attribute information for each data layer is described in this metadata file under the "Entity_and_Attribute_Information" section. Data layer contents: >mhhw-shoreline: The modern shoreline (mean higher high water - MHHW) of the study area at the time of publication; see Grid Development and Data Sources section of this report to learn more about how this file was created. >hypothetical-composite-line: Estimated, "maximum credible scenario" inundation line that encompasses the maximum extent of flooding based on model simulation of all credible source scenarios and historical observations. The "maximum credible scenario" inundation line becomes a basis for local tsunami hazard planning and development of evacuation maps. >hypothetical-composite-line-half-m-depth: Extent of potential 0.5 meter water flow depth >hypothetical-composite-line-two-m-depth: Extent of potential 2 meter water flow depth >tectonic-scenario-01: Scenario 1. Repeat of the 1964 event: Source function based on coseismic deformation model by Johnson and others (1996) >tectonic-scenario-02: Scenario 2. Repeat of the 1964 event: Source function based on coseismic deformation model by Suito and Freymueller (2009) >tectonic-scenario-05: Scenario 5. Rupture of the Cascadia zone, including portions of the margin along the British Columbia and northern California shores >landslide-scenario-10: Scenario 10. Repeat of the 1964 event: Major underwater slide complexes of the 1964 earthquake - Harbor, Airport, and Glacier (HAG) landslides >landslide-scenario-11: Scenario 11. Hypothetical event: Major underwater slide complex offshore of the northern shore of Passage Canal >landslide-scenario-12: Scenario 12. Hypothetical event: Major underwater slide complex offshore of the Billings Creek delta >landslide-scenario-13: Scenario 13. Hypothetical event: Simultaneous failure of underwater slide complexes described by scenarios 10-12 >max-flow-depth: Raster image depicting maximum composite flow depths over dry land. Pixel values provide the modeled depth (in meters) of maximum inundation. For each grid point, the pixel value provides the modeled depth of water (in meters) over previously dry land, representing the maximum depth value of all calculated tsunami scenarios. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -148.724616 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -148.657100 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 60.794707 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 60.769182 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: Active Fault Theme_Keyword: Alaska Earthquake 1964 Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Coastal Theme_Keyword: Coastal and River Theme_Keyword: Earthquake Theme_Keyword: Earthquake Related Slope Failure Theme_Keyword: Emergency Preparedness Theme_Keyword: Engineering Theme_Keyword: Engineering Geology Theme_Keyword: Fault Displacement Theme_Keyword: Faulting Theme_Keyword: Faults Theme_Keyword: Flood Theme_Keyword: Geologic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Landslide Theme_Keyword: Modeling Theme_Keyword: Rock Avalanche Theme_Keyword: Rockfall Theme_Keyword: Seismic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Slides Theme_Keyword: Slope Theme_Keyword: Slope Instability Theme_Keyword: Tides Theme_Keyword: Tsunami Theme_Keyword: Volcanoes Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Passage Canal Place_Keyword: Whittier Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: Walker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A, and Babcock, L.E., comp., 2012, Geologic Time Scale v. 4.0: Geological Society of America Temporal_Keyword: Holocene Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: This dataset includes results of numerical modeling of earthquake-generated tsunami waves for a specific community. Modeling was completed using the best information and tsunami modeling software available at the time of analysis. They are numerical solutions and, while they are believed to be accurate, their ultimate accuracy during an actual tsunami will depend on the specifics of earth deformations, on-land construction, tide level, and other parameters at the time of the tsunami. Actual areas of inundation may differ from areas shown in this dataset. Landslide tsunami sources may not be included in the modeling due to unknown potential impact of such events on a given community; please refer to accompanying report for more information on tsunami sources used for this study. The limits of inundation shown should only be used as a general guideline for emergency planning and response action in the event of a major tsunamigenic earthquake. These results are not intended for any other use, including land-use regulation or actuarial purposes. Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5039 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Data_Set_Credit: This project was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grants 27-014d and 06- 028a through Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research. Numerical calculations for this work were supported by a grant of High Performance Computing (HPC) resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks as part of the U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. Reviews by Dr. Timothy Walsh and Dr. Juan Horrillo improved the report and maps. We thank R. Grapenthin and B. Witte for their help with the RTK GPS survey in Whittier. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicolsky, D.J. Originator: Suleimani, E.N. Originator: Haeussler, P.J. Originator: Ryan, H.F. Originator: Koehler, R.D. Originator: Combellick, R.A. Originator: Hansen, R.A. Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Tsunami inundation maps of Port Valdez, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2013-1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 77 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:12,500 Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/25055 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Suleimani, E.N. Originator: Combellick, R.A. Originator: Marriott, D. Originator: Hansen, R.A. Originator: Venturato, A.J. Originator: Newman, J.C. Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Tsunami hazard maps of the Homer and Seldovia areas, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2005-2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 28 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:12,500 Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/14474 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Suleimani, E.N. Originator: Hansen, R.A. Originator: Combellick, R.A. Originator: Carver, G.A. Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Tsunami hazard maps of the Kodiak area, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2002-1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 16 p., 4 sheets, scale 1:12,500 Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/2860 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Suleimani, E.N. Originator: Nicolsky, D.J. Originator: West, D.A. Originator: Combellick, R.A. Originator: Hansen, R.A. Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Tsunami inundation maps of Seward and northern Resurrection Bay, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2010-1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 47 p., 3 sheets, scale 1:12,500 Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/21001 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Suleimani, E.N. Originator: Nicolsky, D.J. Originator: Koehler, R.D. Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Tsunami inundation maps of Sitka, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2013-3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 76 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000 Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/26671 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The extent of inundation caused by hypothetical future tsunami waves was calculated using numerical modeling of tsunami wave propagation and runup. The final, highest resolution grid of the western Passage Canal, where the inundation extent was calculated, has a spacing of approximately 15 meters. Although the location of the inundation line has an accuracy of approximately plus or minus 15 m horizontally relative to the grid spacing, the true location accuracy is unknown, because of the complex modeling process the accuracy depends on many factors. These factors include correctness of the earthquake source model, accuracy of the bathymetric and topographic data, soil compaction in areas of unconsolidated deposits and the adequacy of the numerical model in representing the generation, propagation, and run-up of tsunami waves. Actual areas inundated will depend on specifics of earth deformations, on-land construction, and tide level, and may differ from areas shown on the map. The limits of inundation shown should only be used as a guideline for emergency planning and response action. The information is intended to permit state and local agencies to plan emergency evacuation and tsunami response actions in the event of a major tsunamigenic event. These files are not intended for land-use regulation, property valuation, or any use other than the stated purpose. Users should review the accompanying report, particularly the Sources of Errors and Uncertainties section, for a detailed discussion of limitations of the methods used to generate the various inundation models. Logical_Consistency_Report: Results of numerical modeling were verified by simulating historic tsunamis. Inundation lines are visually inspected using GIS software for identification of anomalous elevations or data inconsistencies. See text report for detailed explanation of the tests used to determine the fidelity among the various data sources that were used to generate this dataset. Completeness_Report: We modeled inundation extents resulting from 14 different scenarios (tsunami, landslide, and rockfall). Each scenario is described in the text report. This digital data distribution package presents shapefiles that outline the extent of the scenarios that produced a "significant" inundation in Whittier. We also include two additional shapefiles that outline where the modeled water depth of the maximum innundation scenario is expected to be 0.5 and 2 meters. The inundation limits and flow depths are results of numerical modeling of tsunami waves with the use of shallow water equations. We conducted all model runs using bathymetric data that correspond to Mean Higher High Water so that the resulting maximum inundation line represents a reasonable worst-case scenario of tsunami occurrence at high tide. The model does not take into account the periodical change of sea level due to tides, but it does include the effect of local uplift or subsidence during the earthquake. The average recurrence intervals for the tectonic source events are poorly known. Scenarios 1 and 2, which are repeats of the magnitude 9.2 great earthquake of 1964, have an estimated median recurrence interval of 589 years, based on paleoseismic data (Carver and Plafker, 2008). The recurrence intervals for tsunamigenic underwater landslides in Passage Canal is unknown. The recurrence interval for the potential rockfall-generated tsunami is also unknown. The data used to calculate the potential extent of tsunami inundation includes: high-resolution topography and bathymetry of Passage Canal, historic records of the 1964 inundation line at Whittier, historic seismicity measurements, pre- and post-1964 bathymetric profiles in the western part of Passage Canal, and related tectonic geometry. The western part of Passage Canal has been studied in great detail and we feel that the density of available information is sufficient to allow for confidence in our interpretations of likely extents of tsunami inundation. The potential rockfall area require additional in-situ measurements to constrain volume, configuration and dynamics of the potential rockfall failure. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The extent of tsunami inundation in Whittier was calculated through numerical modeling of water waves over realistic bathymetry and topography. The input data for the tsunami model includes the combined topographic and bathymetric DEM of 15-m resolution described in NGDC NOAA report "Digital elevation models of Prince William Sound, Alaska-Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis" by Caldwell, R.J., Eakins, B.W., and Lim, E. According to the corresponding metadata file, the accuracy of the high-resolution DEM developed is determined by the topographic datasets with the vertical accuracy of 10-15 m (33-50 ft). Since the DEM can posses large vertical errors near the shoreline, the topographic datasets are augmented with high-accuracy data, that is, a real time kinematic (RTK) GPS survey within the harbor area and along near-shore areas in Whittier. We estimate that the GPS observations have the vertical accuracy of 1 m (3.3 ft) in flat-lying areas where there are no abrupt topographic changes. Finally, we note that the collected GPS measurements are recorded in WGS84 horizontal datum, with the horizontal accuracy of approximately 3-5 m (10-16 ft). For additional information please reference the "Grid development and data sources" section of this report. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The vertical accuracy of the inundation modeling is dependent on the accuracy and resolution of the digital elevation models (DEMs) and tidal datum values that were used to compile the computational grid. We provide additional details about DEM and grid development in the accompanying report. Prior to scenario modeling, bathymetric data were shifted to use Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) as the vertical datum. The depths of inundation shown should be used only as a guideline for emergency planning and response action. Actual inundation water depth will depend on specifics of the earth deformations, on-land construction, and tide level, and they may differ from areas shown by this data. The information is intended to permit state and local agencies to plan emergency evacuation and tsunami response actions in the event of a major tsunamigenic earthquake. These results are not intended for land-use regulation or building-code development. For additional information please reference the Grid Development and Data Sources section of the associated manuscript. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Caldwell, R.J. Originator: Eakins, B.W. Originator: Lim, E. Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Digital elevation models of Prince William Sound, Alaska-Procedures, data sources and analysis Series_Information: Series_Name: NOAA Technical Memorandum Issue_Identification: NESDIS NGDC-40 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: United States Publisher: National Geophysical Data Center, Marine Geology and Geophysics Division Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Caldwell, R.J. and others, 2011 Source_Contribution: development of nested grids Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicolsky, D.J Originator: Suleimani, E.N Originator: Hansen, R.A Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Validation and verification of a numerical model for tsunami propagation and runup Series_Information: Series_Name: Pure and Applied Geophysics Issue_Identification: v. 168 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Switzerland Publisher: Birkhauser Geoscience Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Nicolsky, D.J and others, 2011 Source_Contribution: model validation Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Suito, Hisashi Originator: Freymueller, J.T Publication_Date: 2010 Title: A viscoelastic and afterslip postseismic deformation model for the 1964 Alaska earthquake Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research Issue_Identification: v. 114, no. B11 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC, United States Publisher: American Geophysical Union Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2010 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Suito, Hisashi and Freymueller, J.T, 2010 Source_Contribution: model verification Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kachadoorian, Reuben Publication_Date: 1965 Title: Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Whittier, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Professional Paper Issue_Identification: P 542-B Publication_Information: Publication_Place: United States Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: p. B1-B21, 3 sheets, scale 1:4,800 Online_Linkage: http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/3878 Source_Scale_Denominator: 4800 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1965 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Kachadoorian, Reuben, 1965 Source_Contribution: model verification Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Johnson, J.M. Originator: Satake, Kenji Originator: Holdahl, S.R. Originator: Sauber, Jeanne Publication_Date: 1996 Title: The 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake-Joint inversion of tsunami waveforms and geodetic data Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research Issue_Identification: v. 101, no. B1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC, United States Publisher: American Geophysical Union Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1996 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Johnson, J.M. and others, 1996 Source_Contribution: model verification Process_Step: Process_Description: Development of nested grids - To support inundation modeling of coastal areas in Alaska, we used a series of nested telescoping grids, or digital elevation models (DEMs), as input layers for tsunami inundation modeling and mapping. The topographic datasets were augmented with high-accuracy data, that is, a real time kinematic (RTK) GPS survey within the harbor area and along near-shore areas in Whittier. These grids of increasing resolution allowed us to propagate waves generated by both distant and local sources to Passage Canal. In order to propagate a wave from its source to various coastal locations we used embedded grids, placing a large, coarse grid in deep water and coupling it with smaller, finer grids in shallow water areas. See Methodology and data section of this report for more detail and additional data source information. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Caldwell, R.J. and others, 2011 Process_Date: 2009 Process_Step: Process_Description: Model validation - The numerical model that was used for simulation of tsunami wave propagation and runup was validated through a set of analytical benchmarks, and tested against laboratory data. The model solves nonlinear shallow water equations using a finite-difference method on a staggered grid. See Methodology and data section of this report for more detail and additional model information. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Nicolsky, D.J and others, 2011 Process_Date: 2010 Process_Step: Process_Description: Model verification - We performed the verification of the numerical model using observations of the 1964 tsunami. We compared results of inundation modeling in Passage Canal and Whittier with observations collected shortly after the event. First, we simulated tsunami waves generated by multiple submarine slope failures using a numerical model of a viscous slide coupled with a numerical model for water waves. Then, we simulated the tectonic tsunami in Passage Canal using an output of a coseismic deformation model of the 1964 earthquake as an initial condition for water waves. The composite inundation zone was compared with the observed extent of inundation in Whittier and at the head of Passage Canal. See Methodology and data and Modeling results sections of this report for more detail and additional model information. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Suito, Hisashi and Freymueller, J.T, 2010 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Kachadoorian, Reuben, 1965 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Johnson, J.M. and others, 1996 Process_Date: 2010 Process_Step: Process_Description: Numerical simulations of hypothetical tsunami scenarios - We assessed hazard related to tectonic and landslide-generated tsunamis in Passage Canal by performing model simulations for each hypothetical earthquake and landslide source scenario. The numerical results for each scenario include extent of inundation, sea level and velocity time series, and tsunami flow depth. See Modeling results section of this report for more detail and additional information. Process_Date: 2010 Process_Step: Process_Description: Numerical simulations of potential rockfall-generated tsunami - We assessed hazard related to two scenarios of the rockfall-generated tsunamis in Passage Canal by performing model simulations. Numerical results for each scenario include extent of inundation, sea level and velocity time series, and tsunami flow depth. See Appendix A section of the associated report for more detail and additional information. Process_Date: 2010 Process_Step: Process_Description: Compilation of maximum inundation zone and maximum flow depths - Compilation of maximum inundation zone and maximum flow depths - We calculated maximum composite extent of inundation by combining the maximum calculated inundation extents of all scenarios. The same method was used for calculation of maximum flow depths over dry land. See Modeling results section of the associated manuscript for more detail and additional information. Process_Date: 2010 Process_Step: Process_Description: Calculation of the potential inundation lines - For each grid cell in the high-resolution DEM of Whittier, we found whether this cell was inundated by waves or stayed dry through out the entire simulation. Then, we defined a function that provides a value that is equal to one at the center of each wet cell and is equal to negative one at the center of each dry cell. Using a linear interpolation algorithm in Matlab, we plotted a zero-value contour that delineates dry and wet cells from each other. The contour line was then directly exported to the ArcGIS in the WGS84 datum. The datum was subsequently changed to the datum of the background image. Process_Date: 2010 Process_Step: Process_Description: Data distribution package was edited to add a raster image depicting maximum composite flow depths over dry land. Pixel values provide the modeled depth (in meters) of maximum inundation. For each grid point, the pixel value provides the modeled depth of water (in meters) over previously dry land, representing the maximum depth value of all calculated tsunami scenarios. Process_Date: 2017 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: .000001 Longitude_Resolution: .000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System of 1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Mean Higher High Water Depth_Resolution: 1 Depth_Distance_Units: meter Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-mhhw-shoreline Entity_Type_Definition: The modern shoreline (mean higher high water - MHHW) of the study area at the time of publication; see Grid Development and Data Sources section of this report to learn more about how this file was created. File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: mhhw-shoreline Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-hypothetical-composite-line Entity_Type_Definition: Estimated, "maximum credible scenario" inundation line that encompasses the maximum extent of flooding based on model simulation of all credible source scenarios and historical observations. The "maximum credible scenario" inundation line becomes a basis for local tsunami hazard planning and development of evacuation maps. File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: hypothetical-composite-line Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-hypothetical-composite-line-half-m-depth Entity_Type_Definition: Extent of potential 0.5 meter water flow depth File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: hypothetical-composite-line-half-m-depth Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-hypothetical-composite-line-two-m-depth Entity_Type_Definition: Extent of potential 2 meter water flow depth File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: hypothetical-composite-line-two-m-depth Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-tectonic-scenario-01 Entity_Type_Definition: Scenario 1. Repeat of the 1964 event: Source function based on coseismic deformation model by Johnson and others (1996) File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: tectonic-scenario-01 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-tectonic-scenario-02 Entity_Type_Definition: Scenario 2. Repeat of the 1964 event: Source function based on coseismic deformation model by Suito and Freymueller (2009) File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: tectonic-scenario-02 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-tectonic-scenario-05 Entity_Type_Definition: Scenario 5. Rupture of the Cascadia zone, including portions of the margin along the British Columbia and northern California shores File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: tectonic-scenario-05 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-landslide-scenario-10 Entity_Type_Definition: Scenario 10. Repeat of the 1964 event: Major underwater slide complexes of the 1964 earthquake - Harbor, Airport, and Glacier (HAG) landslides File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: landslide-scenario-10 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-landslide-scenario-11 Entity_Type_Definition: Scenario 11. Hypothetical event: Major underwater slide complex offshore of the northern shore of Passage Canal File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: landslide-scenario-11 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-landslide-scenario-12 Entity_Type_Definition: Scenario 12. Hypothetical event: Major underwater slide complex offshore of the Billings Creek delta File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: landslide-scenario-12 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-landslide-scenario-13 Entity_Type_Definition: Scenario 13. Hypothetical event: Simultaneous failure of underwater slide complexes described by scenarios 10-12 File format: shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: This report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: landslide-scenario-13 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2011-7-max-flow-depth Entity_Type_Definition: Raster image depicting maximum composite flow depths over dry land. Pixel values provide the modeled depth (in meters) of maximum inundation. For each grid point, the pixel value provides the modeled depth of water (in meters) over previously dry land, representing the maximum depth value of all calculated tsunami scenarios. File format: GeoTIFF Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: max-flow-depth Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5039 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Resource_Description: RI 2011-7 Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. 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Fees: Contact DGGS for current pricing Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Vector data shapefiles Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://doi.org/10.14509/23244 Fees: Free download Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20170213 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5039 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Use_Constraints: If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed in the supporting metadata file. User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources or Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions