permafrostpolygons permafrost map unit polygons pingos locations of pingos report_locality locations of site discussed in the text profile_line locations of profile discussed in the text outline outline shape of the study area
Reger, R.D., and Hubbard, T.D., 2010, Reconnaissance interpretation of 1978-1983 permafrost, Alaska Highway Corridor, Robertson River to Tetlin Junction, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6C, State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska - USA.Online Links:
This is a Vector data set.
Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.000001
Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.000001
Planar coordinates are specified in meters
The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1927.
The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.
The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.
The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.978698.
| Formal codeset | |
|---|---|
| Codeset Name: | PIR2009-6C_codeset.pdf |
| Codeset Source: | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys <http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/PIR2009-3C_codeset.pdf> |
A
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| N 63° 19' 9.1" | Latitude location of locality A (degrees, minutes, seconds) |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| W 142° 37' 46.6" | Longitude location of point A (degrees, minutes, seconds). |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| 7021993.074 | Northing coordinate for location of point A (meters). |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| 418361.832 | Easting coordinate for location of point A (meters). |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tanacross B-4 Quadrangle | Quadrangle location where point is located |
pingos shown on map
shape of map area
profile line discussed in text
This research was supported by Alaska State Capital Improvement Projects funding. The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful review by Rod Combellick, and able cartographic assistance by Patricia Gallagher, Garrett Speeter, and Gail Davidson. Much of the work was carried out under the direction of Diana Solie and her leadership was greatly appreciated.
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This report and map are a part of ADGGS's Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline Geology and Geohazards project, funded by the state legislature, showing an interpretive evaluation of the presence or absence of permafrost in the study area. The study was done in anticipation of the proposed natural gas pipeline along the Alaska Highway corridor, as a preliminary look at the expected distribution of permafrost based on air photo interpretation. The work was designed to serve as the springboard for the detailed work which would be required if a pipeline were to be built along this corridor. Because of the dearth of subsurface data in most of the map area, our permafrost designations should be considered tentative until validated by multi-year ground-temperature measurements at a depth below the level of annual temperature variation.
Kreig, R.A., and Reger, R.D., 1982, Air-photo analysis and summary of landform and soil properties along the route of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System: Geologic Report GR 66, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1948, Tanacross A-4 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Tanacross B-4 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1948, Tanacross B-5 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Tanacross B-6 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1955, Tanacross C-6 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Alaska High Altitude Aerial Photography Program: U. S. Geological Survey, unknown.
Black, R.F., 1976, Periglacial features indicative of permafrost- Ice and soil wedges: Quaternary Research v. 6, No. 1.
Ferrians, O.J., Jr., 1965, Permafrost map of Alaska: Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-445, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
Ferrians, O.J., Kachadoorian, R., and Greene, G.W., 1969, Permafrost and related engineering problems in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper P 678.
Pewe, T. L., 1975, Quaternary Geology of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Profession Paper P 835.
Reger, R.D., Stevens, D.S.P., and Solie, D.N., 2008, Reconnaissance interpretation of permafrost, Alaska Highway Corridor, Delta junction to Dot lake, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3C, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK.
Brown, J., Ferrians, O.J. Jr., Heginbottom, J.A., and Melnikov, E.S., 1997, Circum-arctic map of permafrost and ground-ice conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Circum-pacific Map CP-45.
Data sources used in this process:
Reger, R.D., Hubbard, T.D., and Carver, G.C., 2010, Surficial geology of Alaska Highway Corridor, Robertson River to Tetlin Junction, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6A, State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
Reger, R.D., and Hubbard, T.D., 2010, Engineering-geologic map of the Alaska Highway Corridor, Robertson River to Tetlin Junction, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6B, State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska - USA.
Reger, R.D., Stevens, D.S.P., and Solie, D.N., 2008, Surficial-geologic map, Alaska Highway Corridor, Delta Junction to Dot Lake, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3A, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
Reger, R.D., and Solie, D.N., 2008, Engineering-geologic map, Alaska Highway Corridor, Delta Junction to Dot Lake, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3B, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
Reger, R.D., and Solie, D.N., 2008, Reconnaissance interpretation of permafrost, Alaska Highway Corridor, Delta Junction to Dot Lake, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3C, State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
This dataset utilizes ~1:65,000-scale, false-color infrared aerial photographs taken in July 1978, August 1980, and July 1983 to infer permafrost and ice content boundaries. This report uses the definition of permafrost as rock or soil that remains continuously colder than 0 degrees C (32 degrees F) for two years or longer. The presence or former presence of permafrost and the ground-ice content were inferred from several indicators, including vegetation, slope and aspect, landform, soil type, local drainage, and terrain features, such as open-system pingos, polygonal ground, and thermokarst pits, gullies, and ponds (see lineage reference - Kreig and Reger, 1982). Permafrost classifications in areas that were burned just prior to aerial photography dates are less reliable than in unburned areas because the vegetation was destroyed or significantly altered and, in these areas, interpretation of permafrost was based only on landform and setting, which are less diagnostic than vegetation. During the 2008 field season we excavated and examined soil pits at selected locations to ground check unit descriptions and contacts. Because of the dearth of subsurface data in most of the map area, our permafrost designations should be considered tentative until validated by multi-year ground-temperature measurements at a depth below the level of annual temperature variation.
To check attribute accuracy of the digital files we visually compared the original compilation against test plots of the files and corrected discrepancies between the digital geospatial dataset and the original analog as needed. The geologic interpretations presented in this report have undergone two technical reviews by a geologist familiar with the subject of the report and the geology of the map area. We incorporated the reviewer's suggestions into the final draft when deemed appropriate.
The permafrost interpretations were first hand-drawn, using a magnifying stereoscope, onto acetate air-photo overlays at the scale of the air-photos (approximately inch-to-the-mile). The accuracy of the map unit boundary and point locations varies due to the scale and interpretive nature of the mapping and pen line width of approximately 0.001 meter which is equivalent to approximately 1.5 meters on the ground. The hand drawn map unit boundaries and point locations are expected to be accurate to at least 150 meters.
Following interpretation, acetate overlays were then individually scanned and orthorectified, using Orthomapper, v. 3.6, and georeferenced. The air-photos were orthorectified, photomosaiced and georeferenced. Permafrost unit and point locations boundaries were digitized on-screen into ArcGIS from the orthorectified overlays at a scale more detailed than 1:63,360, using a combination of a USGS topographic 1:63.360 map layer and the air-photo photomosaic layer to verify the position of the lines and points. Map error is induced by: (1) Scanning and orthorectifying air photos and overlays. The digitizing RMS error (30 control points on a regular grid have an average RMS error of 14.0 meters on the ground; individual control point error ranges from 2.9 to 24.0 meters on the ground) 2) Onscreen digitizing from orthorectified overlays. The accuracy of the human operator digitizing polylines and point localities is related to the accuracy of interpretations from the orthorectified photos and overlays. Total horizontal error in the map unit boundaries is estimated to be less than 175 meters.
Locations on the map that are discussed in the text were recorded using a Garmin GPS model 76CSx and their accuracy is related to horizontal error of the GPS which is 4 meters or less.
The shapefiles in this dataset designate ice content, location, and presence of permafrost and pingos discussed in the report. The data set utilizes field observations and air photo interpretations to locate and characterize the permafrost extent and features. It includes geospatial information about units traceable on air photos at a scale of ~1:65000 and/or in the field.
Polygon topology is present and clean on the original geospatial dataset. All polygon features were topologically validated using the ESRI ArcGIS 9.+ software prior to export to shape file format. The logical consistency of the point files has been visually checked but not systematically verified.
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Preliminary Interpretive Report 2009-6C
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| Data format: | PDF (version 1.6) |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/19743> |
| Data format: | ArcGIS Shapefile (version ESRI ArcGIS 9.x) |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/19743> |
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