Major-element oxide, trace element, and glass compositional analyses from Holocene to historical eruptions from Pavlof Volcano, Alaska

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Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Major-element oxide, trace element, and glass compositional analyses from Holocene to historical eruptions from Pavlof Volcano, Alaska
Abstract:
During the summers of 2017 and 2018, Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) geologists from the University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) conducted fieldwork at Pavlof Volcano (55.4173 N, -161.8937 W), on the Alaska Peninsula, Alaska. The fieldwork was conducted in support of geologic mapping and tephrostratigraphy, to improve the documentation of recent Pavlof eruptions, and to better assess hazards associated with Pavlof eruptions. As a result, samples of lava and various pyroclasts (mainly bombs and lapilli) were collected for whole rock geochemistry analyses. This report includes whole rock major- and trace-element data from lava and bomb samples from the 1996, 2013, 2014, and 2016 eruptions, along with samples of lava and lapilli fall deposits, presumed to be of Holocene age, collected from outcrops around Pavlof and Pavlof Sister volcanoes. We also include electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) data from tephra glass samples from the 1986 (AT-2822), 1996 (AT-2823), 2007 (AT-2824), and 2013 (AT-2821) eruptions. These samples were initially analyzed at the USGS office in Menlo Park and were re-analyzed for this report in the Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory (AIL) at UAF for comparison. Tephra EPMA glass data from the 2016 eruption, analyzed in the AIL, is also included from sample AT-3680. The analytical data tables associated with this report are available in digital format as comma-separated value (CSV) files. Users can access the complete report and digital data from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/30580.
Supplemental_Information:
tephra-glass-data:    Electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) data from tephra glass samples.	
tephra-whole-rock-data:    Whole rock major- and trace-element data from lava and bomb samples from the 1996, 2013, 2014, and 2016 eruptions, along with samples of lava and lapilli fall deposits.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Larsen, J.F., Waythomas, C.F., Mulliken, K.M., Izbekov, Pavel, and Cameron, C.E., 2021, Major-element oxide, trace element, and glass compositional analyses from Holocene to historical eruptions from Pavlof Volcano, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2021-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 20 p.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.070760
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -161.712440
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 55.613730
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 55.371850
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 1996
    Ending_Date: 2016
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report, tabular data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a point data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is NAD83.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101000025.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    tephra-glass-data
    Electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) data from tephra glass samples. (Source: DGGS and AVO staff)
    tephra-whole-rock-data
    Whole rock major- and trace-element data from lava and bomb samples from the 1996, 2013, 2014, and 2016 eruptions, along with samples of lava and lapilli fall deposits. (Source: DGGS and AVO staff)

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    We thank Maritime Helicopters and pilot Jared Berman and Egli Air Haul and pilot Sam Egli for efficient and safe transportation in the field. We thank Mary Martin and the Cold Bay Lodge staff for comfortable lodging and excellent meals during our fieldwork. Thanks to Ken Severin for making the UAF AIL facility an excellent analytical resource for AVO EPMA analytical work. Max Kaufmann collected ash samples 16PVMK001a and 16PVMK001b analyzed for this study. The AVO tephra analytical routine was created by Matt Loewen (USGS/AVO), Kristi Wallace (USGS/AVO), and Nathan Graham (UAF) and we are grateful for their efforts to standardize the AVO glass EPMA analytical protocols. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey in a cooperative agreement with the UAF Geophysical Institute and also under Cooperative Agreement No. G19AC00171 to the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.

Why was the data set created?

This investigation was conducted in support of geologic mapping and tephrostratigraphy, to improve the documentation of recent Pavlof eruptions, and to better assess hazards associated with Pavlof eruptions.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2016 (process 1 of 2)
    Sample collection - Rock samples consisting of dense lava flow interiors, juvenile bombs, and coarse lapilli tephra were collected over two field seasons for whole rock geochemical analyses in support of a geologic map that is currently in preparation by Christopher Waythomas and to characterize very recent eruptions. Dense lava flow and juvenile bomb samples were collected using a sledge hammer, and where possible the samples were chipped in the field to select clean interior regions of the samples for analysis. Some of the flows and bombs were too hard to efficiently chip in the field, and were chipped in the lab after fieldwork was finished. Juvenile samples from the coarse lapilli tephra fall deposits were prepared in the lab after fieldwork was completed.
    Date: 2020 (process 2 of 2)
    Sample preparation and analysis - Samples were analyzed for whole rock major- and trace-elements. A subset of tephra glass samples were also analyzed by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Many of these samples were initially analyzed at the USGS office in Menlo Park (Waythomas and others, 2017) and were re-analyzed for this report in the Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory (AIL) at UAF for comparison. The accompanying report describes sample preparation and analytical methods in detail.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Cameron, C.E., Mulliken, K.M., Crass, S.W., Schaefer, J.R., and Wallace, K.L., 2019, Alaska Volcano Observatory geochemical database, version 2: Digital Data Series DDS 8 v. 2, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 22 p
    Nye, C.J., Beget, J.E., Layer, P.W., Mangan, M.T., McConnell, V.S., McGimsey, R.G., Miller, T.P., Moore, R.B., and Stelling, P.L., 2018, Geochemistry of some quaternary lavas from the Aleutian Arc and Mt. Wrangell: Raw Data File RDF 2018-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 29 p

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The analyses reported here reflect the same protocols applied by Nye and others (2018). The analytical precision and accuracy and significant digits of this dataset are consistent with the overview provided by Nye and others (2018). AVO geochemical analyses were re-calibrated in 2007 so that they are time-consistent, and the analyses reported here are internally consistent with data collected post-2007 (Nye and others, 2018).
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Sample location data were collected using the WGS84 datum using a handheld GPS device and recorded in a field notebook at the outcrop, along with documentation of the units sampled, hand sample descriptions, and stratigraphic information. Station and sample metadata were loaded into AVO's Geologic Database of Information on Volcanoes of Alaska (GeoDIVA) and all locations have been converted to NAD83.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This data release is complete. This publication is released in the DGGS Preliminary Interpretive Report (PIR) series. This series is intended for the timely release of preliminary interpretation of geologic observations and analytical data. The data and interpretations have been technically reviewed, with recognition of the work's limited scope, by one or two scientists familiar with the geologic context.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    not applicable

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? PIR 2021-1
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 03-Jul-2021
Metadata author:
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
Attn: Simone Montayne
Metadata Manager
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK
USA

(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:

Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Fri Jul 02 17:31:35 2021