Geology of Kasatochi volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska

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What does this data set describe?

Title: Geology of Kasatochi volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Abstract:
Geology of Kasatochi volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Professional Report 123, shows the distribution of post-2008 volcanic rocks, other uncolidated deposits, and geologic features throughout Kasatochi Island. Kasatochi is a small, isolated island volcano in the center of the Aleutian Island chain. It consists of a roughly circular cone approximately 3 km in diameter with a lake-filled central crater that is 1.2 km in diameter and extends from the highest point on the island to sea level. The oldest unit recognized is a thick series of mid-Pleistocene glaciovolcanic deposits consisting of autobrecciated lava, lahars, and volumetrically minor lava masses that we believe to have been emplaced underneath a regional ice cap. This unit is unconformably overlain by several massive Holocene lavas, above which lies a thick sequence of latest-Holocene pyroclastic deposits likely deposited during the crater-forming eruption. The 2008 eruption enlarged the preexisting crater and produced pyroclastic density currents, surges, and fall that blanketed the entire island except for the crater wall and steep, seaward-facing cliffs on the flanks. The 2008 deposits initially extended the shoreline seaward by up to 500 m. A multidisciplinary effort to document recovery of the ecosystem was initiated, and this study of the geology of the island was undertaken as part of that effort. The dataset contains geologic, structural, stratigraphic, and geochronologic data organized according to the GeMS and AK GeMS mapping schemas. The complete report, geodatabase, and ESRI fonts and style files are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/29718.
Supplemental_Information:
This geodatabase is organized according to the AK GeMS mapping schema Hendricks, M.D., Ekberg, P.G., Athey, J.E., Wyatt, W.C., Willingham, A.L., and Naibert, T.J., 2021, AK GeMS data dictionary: A description of the Alaska geologic mapping schema: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 170, 10 p. https://doi.org/10.14509/30669. The distribution package includes ESRI fonts and style files, along with usage instructions. Further documentation of the symbology is provided by Ekberg, P.G., Hendricks, M.D., and Athey, J.E., 2021, AK GeMS symbology: A description of the AK GeMS style file: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 169, 7 p. https://doi.org/10.14509/30584
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Nye, C.J., Scott, W.E., Neill, O.K., Waythomas, C.F., Cameron, C.E., and Calvert, A.T., 2017, Geology of Kasatochi volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Professional Report PR 123, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 127 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:5,000
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -175.533143
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -175.489901
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 52.186060
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 52.156631
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 2008
    Ending_Date: 2023
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: geodatabase
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a vector data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 1
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -177
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
      False_Easting: 500000.000000
      False_Northing: 0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest .00000001
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest .00000001
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters
      The horizontal datum used is WGS84.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    kasatochi_ak_gems_db_pkg
    Geodatabase, layer files, style files, and fonts (Source: DGGS)
    kasatochi_gems_db_pkg
    Geodatabase, layer files, style files, and fonts (Source: DGGS)
    kasatochi_gems_shapefile_pkg
    Shapefiles and open data files (Source: DGGS)

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Initial fieldwork was supported by the North Pacific Research Board (Project number: 923), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Alaska Volcano Observatory, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Additional fieldwork was supported by AVO and the USFWS. We thank USFWS for continued encouragement and support. We especially thank Jeff Williams of the USFWS for sharing his deep knowledge of Kasatochi history, biology, and geography, and for his all-encompassing interest in Kasatochi science. Fieldwork was supported by the M/V Tiglax, under the able command of Captain Billy Pepper; we thank the captain and crew for comfortable and safe transport. We thank pilots Burke Mees, Jerry Morris, and Roger Clifford for taking and sharing oblique aerial photographs. Post-eruption scientific studies span a large range of biologic and geologic disciplines, and we thank the other scientists for rewarding and fruitful cross-fertilization. Chris Nye thanks Patricia Gallagher for help with ArcGIS during preparation of the map draft and for final cartography, and Nicole Kinsman for help with establishing the Kasatochi Mean Sea Level datum. Reviews by Brian Jicha and especially Michael Clynne substantially improved the report. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the State of Alaska or U.S. Government. The geologic map database was converted to GeMS, quality controlled, and then finalized by DGGS staff Wes Buchanan and Mike Hendricks.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    GIS Manager
    3354 College Rd
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    907-451-5020 (voice)
    dggsgis@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays

Why was the data set created?

Kasatochi volcano is located at the intersection of the flat, shallow Aleutian platform and the Bering slope rise, an area of high biologic productivity. As a result, the island hosts a large sea lion colony and nesting sites for hundreds of thousands of seabirds. A large eruption in 2008 blanketed the island in pyroclastic deposits, covering nesting sites and almost all existing vegetation. A multidisciplinary effort to document recovery of the ecosystem was initiated and this study of the geology of the island was undertaken as part of that effort. This study is the first to document the geology of the entire island, and presents a snapshot of the island early in its response to the 2008 eruption.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Ekberg, P.G. and others, 2021 (source 1 of 3)
    Ekberg, P.G., Hendricks, M.D., and Athey, J.E., 2021, AK GeMS symbology: A description of the AK GeMS style file: Miscellaneous Publication MP 169, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 7 p
    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: GIS analysis and digital cartography
    Hendricks, M.D. and others, 2021 (source 2 of 3)
    Hendricks, M.D., Ekberg, P.G., Athey, J.E., Wyatt, W.C., Willingham, A.L., and Naibert, T.J., 2021, AK GeMS data dictionary: A description of the Alaska geologic mapping schema: Miscellaneous Publication MP 170, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 10 p
    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: GIS analysis and digital cartography
    U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020 (source 3 of 3)
    U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema) - A standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps: Techniques and Methods TM 11-B10, U.S. Geological Survey, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 1 p
    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: GIS analysis and digital cartography
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2015 (process 1 of 2)
    Geologic mapping - Geologic field mapping and sampling were conducted during short trips on 18 days-nominally 2 to 3 days in mid-June and mid- to late-August-from 2009 through 2013. In addition to other field observations, we captured high-resolution panoramic photographs of the island flanks taken from offshore and of the crater wall taken from the rim. More than 110 rock samples were collected during the course of mapping. One hundred one of these samples were analyzed for major and trace elements by the Peter Hooper GeoAnalytical Lab at Washington State University. Detailed petrographic descriptions and 1,000-point modes were made using thin sections of 67 of the samples. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) at the Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory at the University of Alaska Fairbanks produced 3,364 mineral analyses, including core-rim pairs from 1,385 grains, from 24 representative samples, spanning all lithologic units. In addition, 40Ar/39Ar ages were obtained for three samples by the USGS, Menlo Park, California.
    Date: 2022 (process 2 of 2)
    GIS analysis and digital cartography - This data distribution package's geologic and geographic features were organized and attributed according to the AK GeMS geologic mapping schema. The data were programmatically transformed to provide download options in three formats: (1) an AK GeMS data package that includes the complete AK GeMS database and associated files, (2) a GeMS data package that is a conversion of the AK GeMS database into the base GeMS standard published by the USGS, and (3) a shapefile data package that includes two simple shapefile representations of the data. Data sources used in this process:
    • Ekberg, P.G. and others, 2021
    • Hendricks, M.D. and others, 2021
    • U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Attribute fields within each feature class are populated using the map symbology and corresponding applicable values from the GeMS and AK GeMS specifications. When known, certainty in attribute interpretation is indicated in the relevant fields. Attribute accuracy varies throughout the map and is scale-dependent.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Certainty in feature boundaries or location varies throughout the map. Data fields within each feature class and the accompanying orientation and location confidence lookup tables record the authors' degree of confidence in the location of applicable features.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This publication is a DGGS Professional Report (PR). A PR is the completed product of original research and analysis, and PRs use professional cartography and undergo rigorous peer review, editing, and revision.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    All polygon features were topologically validated according to the AK GeMS geologic mapping schema specifications.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    907-451-5020 (voice)
    907-451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (http://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? PR 123
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties of merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the electronic services or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity, whether from the use of the electronic services or products, any failure thereof, or otherwise, and in no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 22-Nov-2023
Metadata author:
Simone Montayne
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK
USA

907-451-5020 (voice)
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:

Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Wed Nov 22 17:22:18 2023