The ~400 yr B.P. eruption of Half Cone, a post-caldera composite cone within Aniakchak caldera, Alaska Peninsula

Metadata also available as - [Parseable text] - [XML]

Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
The ~400 yr B.P. eruption of Half Cone, a post-caldera composite cone within Aniakchak caldera, Alaska Peninsula
Abstract:
DGGS Professional Report 126, The ~400 yr B.P. eruption of Half Cone, a post-caldera composite cone within Aniakchak caldera, Alaska Peninsula, presents an investigation of the ~400 yr B.P. Half Cone eruption. This eruption is the largest post-caldera eruption yet identified from the Aniakchak volcano. Our goals for this study are to (1) describe the dispersal and volume of the ~400 yr B.P. Half Cone eruption based on stratigraphic characteristics of the resulting deposits, (2) evaluate the pre-eruption storage conditions of magmas expelled during the ~400 yr B.P. Half Cone eruption based on both whole-rock geochemical analyses of juvenile material and in situ geochemical analyses of mineral and glass regions of deposits, and (3) synthesize stratigraphic and geochemical observations into a chronology for the ~400 yr B.P. eruption. All files are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/30839.
Supplemental_Information:
Appendix A:    Sample metadata with locations and descriptions of pyroclastic samples	
Appendix B:    Sample metadata with locations, descriptions, and thicknesses of pyroclastic samples	
Appendix C:    Locations, descriptions, and whole-rock geochemistry values from rock samples	
Appendix D:    Locations, descriptions, and electron microprobe analyses of plagioclase from rock samples	
Appendix E:    Locations, descriptions, and electron microprobe analyses of pyroxene from rock samples	
Appendix F:    Locations, descriptions, and electron microprobe analyses of magnetite and ilmenite from rock samples	
Appendix G:    Locations, descriptions, and electron microprobe analyses of matrix glass from pyroclastic samples
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Browne, B.L., Neal, C.A., and Bacon, C.R., 2022, The ~400 yr B.P. eruption of Half Cone, a post-caldera composite cone within Aniakchak caldera, Alaska Peninsula: Professional Report PR 126, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 60 p.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -158.226500
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.785900
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 58.933900
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 56.801500
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 2002
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: table
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a point data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest .0000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest .0000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is NAD83.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101000025.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    pr126-appendix_a_sample_descript_data.csv, pr126-appendix_a_sample_descript_data_dictionary.csv
    Sample metadata with locations and descriptions of pyroclastic samples (Source: AVO)
    pr126-appendix_b_sample_thickness_data.csv, pr126-appendix_b_sample_thickness_data_dictionary.csv
    Sample metadata with locations, descriptions, and thicknesses of pyroclastic samples (Source: AVO)
    pr126-appendix_c_whole-rock_gx_data.csv, pr126-appendix_c_whole-rock_gx_data_dictionary.csv
    Locations, descriptions, and whole-rock geochemistry values from rock samples (Source: AVO)
    pr126-appendix_d_plagioclase_data_data.csv, pr126-appendix_d_plagioclase_data_dictionary.csv
    Locations, descriptions, and electron microprobe analyses of plagioclase from rock samples (Source: AVO)
    pr126-appendix_e_pyroxene_data.csv, pr126-appendix_e_pyroxene_data_dictionary.csv
    Locations, descriptions, and electron microprobe analyses of pyroxene from rock samples (Source: AVO)
    pr126-appendix_f_FeTi_oxides_data.csv, pr126-appendix_f_FeTi_oxides_data_dictionary.csv
    Locations, descriptions, and electron microprobe analyses of magnetite and ilmenite from rock samples (Source: AVO)
    pr126-appendix_g_tephra_glass_data.csv, pr126-appendix_g_tephra_glass_data_dictionary.csv
    Locations, descriptions, and electron microprobe analyses of matrix glass from pyroclastic samples (Source: AVO)

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    The region we investigated for this study is the original homeland of the Alutiiq/Sugpiaq people who have inhabited the coastal environments of southcentral Alaska for over 7,000 years (Ringsmuth, 2007). We acknowledge the complex history and rich culture of the Alutiiq/Sugpiaq people and honor the families and tribal members still connected to this land. In particular, we are grateful to the people of Port Heiden for their generosity in sharing their insights and memories of Aniakchak volcano and for allowing us to base our field campaigns in their community. Fieldwork was supported by the Alaska Volcano Observatory, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Geosciences and Geophysical Institute. This work was also partially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Cooperative Agreement No. G19AC00171. We especially thank Game McGimsey and Tom Miller for sharing their knowledge of Aniakchak volcano's geology, and pilots Howard Reed (Maritime Helicopters, Homer, Alaska) and Sam Egli (Egli Air Haul, King Salmon, Alaska) for safe transport during fieldwork. We also appreciate assistance from Game McGimsey, Rob Nicholson, James Gardner, and Tom Miller during field campaigns. We thank several colleagues for their scientific discussions, analytical assistance, and assistance with sample preparation, including Pavel Izbekov, Ken Severin, Frank Kyte, Kristi Wallace, Fiona Eberhardt, Manny Nathenson, Jessica Larsen, Chris Nye, Cheryl Cameron, Kate Bull, and Matthew Loewen. Brandon Browne also thanks Patricia Ekberg, John Perreault, Kristen Janssen, Simone Montayne, and Dennis Hojna. Thoughtful and constructive reviews by Tim Orr (USGS/Alaska Volcano Observatory), Nathan Andersen (USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory), Ellen Daley, and Janet Schaefer (DGGS/Alaska Volcano Observatory) improved the report. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the State of Alaska or the U.S. Government.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.

Why was the data set created?

Aniakchak volcano continues to show episodic signs of unrest, suggesting that eruptions will occur in the future. This research describes the nature and character of a significant past eruption to aid in the discussion of spatial and temporal patterns of Alaska volcanism. In addition, the work supports improvements to eruption scenario forecasts and hazard response.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2002 (process 1 of 2)
    Field data collection - Geological investigations were conducted in the field during the summers of 1992-1994, 1997, and 2002. Field sites were located within Aniakchak caldera and beyond the caldera rim, mostly to the north and northeast of the volcano. The goal of this study was to use field and analytical observations of deposits from the ~400 yr B.P. Half Cone eruption to reconstruct the eruption chronology, estimate the volume and dispersal characteristics of tephra, and gain insight into pre-eruptive magma storage conditions.
    Date: 2003 (process 2 of 2)
    Geochemistry and petrography - Samples were examined in thin section and analyzed using whole-rock geochemistry and electron probe microanalysis to determine elemental abundances and petrographic characteristics. Users are encouraged to review the accompanying report for further discussion of methods and outcomes.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Cameron, C.E., Mulliken, K.M., Crass, S.W., Schaefer, J.R., and Wallace, K.L., 2019, Alaska Volcano Observatory geochemical database, version 2: Digital Data Series DDS 8 v. 2, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 22 p
    Cameron, C.E., and Nye, C.J., 2014, Preliminary database of Quaternary vents in Alaska: Miscellaneous Publication MP 153, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 11 p

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    This data collection provides a compilation of detailed geochemical summary data used to support the observations and interpretations presented in the accompanying report. Uncertainties and attribute accuracy vary according to the data product. We encourage users to review the report and accompanying method documentation to better understand the methods and limitations of the source data and analytical results.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Location data were collected using handheld recreational grade Garmin GPS units. These devices have a typical reported error of 9 to 21 feet. However, the actual location accuracy of the sample coordinates varies according to the observer's sampling context and recording conventions.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This data release is complete.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Not applicable

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? PR 126
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 14-Apr-2022
Metadata author:
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
Attn: Simone Montayne
Metadata Manager
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK
USA

(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:

Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Thu Apr 14 12:50:48 2022