Trace-element rock geochemistry: sample locations and descriptions, geochemical data, analytical methods and detection limits (Tables 1, 2, 5) Whole-rock major-oxide, minor-oxide, trace-element: sample locations and descriptions, geochemical data, analytical methods and detection limits (Tables 3, 4, 6) Non-carbonate carbon geochemistry: sample locations and descriptions, and geochemical data (Table 7)
Freeman, L.K., Werdon, M.B., Szumigala, D.J., Andrew, J.E., Newberry, R.J., and Athey, J.E., 2009, Geochemical, major-oxide, minor-oxide, trace-element and carbon data from rocks collected in 2008 in the eastern Bonnifield mining district, Fairbanks and Healy quadrangles, Alaska: Raw Data File RDF 2009-1, State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA.Online Links:
This is a Point data set.
Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1
Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1
Planar coordinates are specified in meters
The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1927.
The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.
The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.25722210088.
Generic example of unique sample identifier: 20YYAAA9999X: YY=last two digits of year, AAA=geologist's initials (one to three characters), 9999=unique station number, X=unique alpha character designating a sample was taken at the field station. Geologists' initials represent the following: 'JEA' = Jen Athey; 'JOE' = Joe Andrew; 'LF' = Larry Freeman; 'MBW' = Melanie Werdon; 'RN' = Rainer Newberry; 'Z' = David Szumigala.
Latitude in decimal degrees, NAD 27
Longitude in decimal degrees, NAD 27
Easting for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27
Northing for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27
06W is UTM zone for all samples in this data set
Characters 1 to 255 of brief rock description
Characters 256 to 310 of brief rock description
Characters 310 to 365 of brief rock description
Generic example of unique sample identifier: 20YYAAA9999X: YY=last two digits of year, AAA=geologist's initials (one to three characters), 9999=unique station number, X=unique alpha character designating a sample was taken at the field station. Geologists' initials represent the following: 'JEA' = Jen Athey; 'JOE' = Joe Andrew; 'LF' = Larry Freeman; 'MBW' = Melanie Werdon; 'RN' = Rainer Newberry; 'Z' = David Szumigala.
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.001 | Below detection limit of 0.001 ppm |
>10 | Above upper detection limit of 10 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.001 |
Maximum: | 10 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
--- | Null value; element not analyzed by this method |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.001 |
Maximum: | 10 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
--- | Null value; element not analyzed by this method |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.001 |
Maximum: | 10 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.5 | Below detection limit of 0.5 ppm |
>100 | Above upper detection limit of 100 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.5 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
--- | Null value; element not analyzed by this method |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 1500 |
Units: | ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 50 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.5 | Below detection limit of 0.5 ppm |
>10000 | Above upper detection limit of 10000 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 5 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
--- | Null value; element not analyzed by this method |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 30 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
>10000 | Above upper detection limit of 10000 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 10 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
--- | Null value; element not analyzed by this method |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 50 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.5 | Below detection limit of 0.5 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.5 |
Maximum: | 1000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<2 | Below detection limit of 0.5 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 2 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.01 | Below detection limit of 0.01% |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 50 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.5 | Below detection limit of 0.5 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.5 |
Maximum: | 1000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<1 | Below detection limit of 1 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<1 | Below detection limit of 1 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<1 | Below detection limit of 1 ppm |
>10000 | Above upper detection limit of 10000 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
--- | Null value; element not analyzed by this method |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 40 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 50 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<10 | Below detection limit of 10 ppm |
>10000 | Above upper detection limit of 10000 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 10 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 10 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<10 | Below detection limit of 10 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 10 |
Maximum: | 1000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.01 | Below detection limit of 0.010 % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 50 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 5 |
Maximum: | 100000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<1 | Below detection limit of 1 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<.01 | Below detection limit of .01% |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 10 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<1 | Below detection limit of 1 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<10 | Below detection limit of 10 ppm |
>10000 | Above upper detection limit of 10000 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 10 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<2 | Below detection limit of 2 ppm |
>10000 | Above upper detection limit of 10000 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 2 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
--- | Null value; element not analyzed by this method |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 20 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.01 | Below detection limit of 0.01 % |
>10.0 | Above upper detection limit of 10.0% |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 10 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 50 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
--- | Null value; element not analyzed by this method |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 50 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<1 | Below detection limit of 1 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<1 | Below detection limit of 1 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<20 | Below detection limit of 20 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 20 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.01 | Below detection limit of 0.01 % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 10 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<10 | Below detection limit of 10 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 10 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<10 | Below detection limit of 10 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 10 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<1 | Below detection limit of 1 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<10 | Below detection limit of 10 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 10 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<2 | Below detection limit of 2 ppm |
>10000 | Above upper detection limit of 10000 ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 2 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
--- | Null value; element not analyzed by this method |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 40 |
Units: | % |
Generic example of unique sample identifier: 20YYAAA9999X: YY=last two digits of year, AAA=geologist's initials (one to three characters), 9999=unique station number, X=unique alpha character designating a sample was taken at the field station. Geologists' initials represent the following: 'JEA' = Jen Athey; 'JOE' = Joe Andrew; 'LF' = Larry Freeman; 'MBW' = Melanie Werdon; 'RN' = Rainer Newberry; 'Z' = David Szumigala.
Latitude in decimal degrees, NAD 27
Longitude in decimal degrees, NAD 27
Easting for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27
Northing for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27
06W is UTM zone for all samples in this data set
Characters 1 to 255 of brief rock description
Characters 256 to 310 of brief rock description
Characters 310 to 365 of brief rock description
Characters 365 to 420 of brief rock description
Generic example of unique sample identifier: 20YYAAA9999X: YY=last two digits of year, AAA=geologist's initials (one to three characters), 9999=unique station number, X=unique alpha character designating a sample was taken at the field station. Geologists' initials represent the following: 'JEA' = Jen Athey; 'JOE' = Joe Andrew; 'LF' = Larry Freeman; 'MBW' = Melanie Werdon; 'RN' = Rainer Newberry; 'Z' = David Szumigala.
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.01 | Below detection limit of 0.01 % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.01 | Below detection limit of 0.01 % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.01 | Below detection limit of 0.01 % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.01 | Below detection limit of 0.01 % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
<0.01 | Below detection limit of 0.01 % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 100 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 105 |
Units: | % |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 1 |
Maximum: | 10000 |
Units: | ppm |
Formal codeset | |
---|---|
Codeset Name: | Chemical symbol |
Codeset Source: | Periodic Table of the Elements, National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST SP 966 (September 2003) |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
ppm | Parts per million |
% | percent |
Detection limit is a a number that is either the maximum or the minimumthat a geochemical determination can be reliably made.
Detection limit is a a number that is either the maximum or the minimumthat a geochemical determination can be reliably made.
Value | Definition |
---|---|
FA-ICP-AES | Inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy following a 30g fire assay fusion. |
ICP-AES | Inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
4 Acid | four-acid, near-total digestion |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
Fe2O3 | Total iron content calculated as ferric iron |
LOI | Loss on ignition, difference after heating to 1000 degrees Celsius determined by gravimetric measurement |
Total | Sum of the concentrations of all the oxides and LOI |
Formal codeset | |
---|---|
Codeset Name: | Major and minor oxide chemical formulas |
Codeset Source: | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys and ALS Chemex |
Value | Definition |
---|---|
% | percent |
Detection limit is a a number that is either the maximum or the minimumthat a geochemical determination can be reliably made.
Detection limit is a a number that is either the maximum or the minimum that a geochemical determination can be reliably made.
Value | Definition |
---|---|
LBF-XRF | lithium borate fusion, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry |
gravimetric | A value determined by gravimetric measurement |
calculation | A value determined by computation |
Generic example of unique sample identifier: 20YYAAA9999X: YY=last two digits of year, AAA=geologist's initials (one to three characters), 9999=unique station number, X=unique alpha character designating a sample was taken at the field station. Geologists' initials represent the following: 'JEA' = Jen Athey; 'JOE' = Joe Andrew; 'LF' = Larry Freeman; 'MBW' = Melanie Werdon; 'RN' = Rainer Newberry; 'Z' = David Szumigala.
Latitude in decimal degrees, NAD 27
Longitude in decimal degrees, NAD 27
Easting for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27
Northing for UTM Zone 6, NAD 27
06W is UTM zone for all samples in this data set
Brief rock description
Range of values | |
---|---|
Minimum: | 0.01 |
Maximum: | 50 |
Units: | % |
This project is part of the Alaska Airborne Geophysical/Geological Mineral Inventory Program funded by the Alaska State Legislature and managed by State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Partial funding for the geologic mapping and geochemical analyses was also provided through the U.S. Geological Survey STATEMAP Program under award number 08HQAG0051 and the Alaska State General Fund.
Version 1.1 was released to correct several errors in the original version; please see the "Data Quality, Process Step" section below for specific errors and corrections. The analyses in this report were acquired as part of a geologic mapping program, the purpose of which is to provide 1:50,000-scale geologic mapping of a portion of the Bonnifield airborne geophysical surveys released by DGGS in 2007 (Burns et al., 2007). The geophysical survey (helicopter-based aeromagnetic and electromagnetic data) and geologic mapping are part of the Alaska Airborne Geophysical/Geological Mineral Inventory Program, a special multi-year investment by the State of Alaska to expand Alaska's geologic and mineral resources knowledge base, catalyze future private-sector mineral exploration and development, and guide state resource development planning.
Burns, L.E., Fugro Airborne Surveys Corp., and Stevens Exploration Management Corp., 2007, Line, grid, and vector data, and plot files for the airborne geophysical survey of part of the Bonnifield mining district, Interior Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Geophysical Report GPR 2007-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK.
Burns, L.E., Fugro Airborne Surveys Corp., and Stevens Exploration Management Corp., 2007, Total magnetic field of part of the Bonnifield mining district, Interior Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Geophysical Report GPR 2007-1-1A, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks.Online Links:
Burns, L.E., Fugro Airborne Surveys Corp., and Stevens Exploration Management Corp., 2007, First vertical derivative of the total magnetic field of part of the Bonnifield mining district, Interior Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Geophysical Report GPR 2007-1-1C, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks.Online Links:
Burns, L.E., Fugro Airborne Surveys Corp., and Stevens Exploration Management Corp., 2007, 56,000 Hz coplanar apparent resistivity of part of the Bonnifield mining district, Interior Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Geophysical Report GPR 2007-1-2A, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks.Online Links:
Burns, L.E., Fugro Airborne Surveys Corp., and Stevens Exploration Management Corp., 2007, 7200 Hz coplanar apparent resistivity of part of the Bonnifield mining district, Interior Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Geophysical Report GPR 2007-1-3A, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks.Online Links:
Burns, L.E., Fugro Airborne Surveys Corp., and Stevens Exploration Management Corp., 2007, 900 Hz coplanar apparent resistivity of part of the Bonnifield mining district, Interior Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Geophysical Report GPR 2007-1-4A, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks.Online Links:
All rock geochemical and whole rock analyses were performed by by ALS Chemex. Rock samples were assayed for gold by inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy following a 30g fire assay fusion (FA-ICP). Trace-element geochemical analyses on rock samples were performed by inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) methods after four-acid, near-total digestion. This method of digestion is possibly incomplete for some elements and may result in lower analytical results for these elements. The elements that may be affected by incomplete digestion, analytical methods, and lower and upper reporting limits are tabulated in Table 5. Whole rock major and minor oxide analyses (Table 4) were performed by ALS Chemex. Major and minor element oxides were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry following a lithium borate fusion (WEI-GRA06). Whole-Rock trace element analyses of rock samples in Table 4 were performed by the University of Alaska Fairbanks Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory; trace element concentrations were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of a pressed pellet. Analytical methods and detection limits of analyses in Table 4 are tabulated in Table 6. Non-carbonate carbon analyses (Table 7) were performed by ALS Chemex by induction furnace pyrolysis following dilute acid digestion.
Location data were downloaded from Garmin 12XL GPS units into an Access database. A value of estimated position error in meters was calculated by Garmin 12XL GPS units and recorded for each sample location. Estimated position error calculated by Garmin 12XL units was not better than 3 meters and averaged approximately 6 meters. The GPS system suffers from calculation and geometric error. This error results from items such as error in satellite positions, mathematical error introduced by the formulas used by the GPS unit for calculating position, and errors caused by narrow satellite alignments. Estimated position error is a value determined by the GPS manufacturer for the calculation and geometric error as a whole. 'Selective availability', a deliberate degradation of GPS data managed by the U.S. government, was not operating during the time period these samples were collected.
This dataset contains all (with one exception) of the analyses for samples collected for trace-element rock geochemistry, whole rock major and minor oxide geochemistry, and trace element stream sediment geochemistry in the eastern Bonnifield project area in the summer of 2008.
No topologic relationships are present in data.
Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
- Access_Constraints:
- This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
- Use_Constraints:
- Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
RDF 2009-1
The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount.
Data format: | PDF (version 1.6) |
---|---|
Network links: |
<http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/20041> |
Data format: | Microsoft Office Excel Worksheet (version xlsx) |
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Network links: |
<http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/20041> |
Data format: | CSV |
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Network links: |
<http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/20041> |
DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media over the counter, by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for exact shipping amount.
(907)451-5020 (voice)