Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Bliss, A.K. Originator: Hock, Regine Originator: Wolken, G.J. Originator: Whorton, E.N. Originator: Aubry-Wake, Caroline Originator: Braun, Juliana Originator: Gusmeroli, Alessio Originator: Harrison, W.D. Originator: Hoffman, Andrew Originator: Liljedahl, A.K. Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Glaciers and climate of the upper Susitna Basin, Alaska; supporting data Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report and digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2019-3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 6 p. Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.14509/30138 Description: Abstract: As part of a study for a proposed hydropower facility, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys staff and project collaborators from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Energy Authority, and Colorado State University conducted extensive field observations in the Upper Susitna basin, a 13,289 km2 (5,130 mi2) glacierized catchment in central Alaska, in 2012-2014. We measured glacier mass balance and surface characteristics on the five largest glaciers in the Upper Susitna Basin to see how the glaciers have changed over recent years and estimate their contribution to the total runoff in the basin. We installed two large weather stations-one on West Fork Glacier and one adjacent to Susitna Glacier-to aid in glacier modeling. Around the rest of the basin, we installed 26 stations that measured air temperature and relative humidity, 10 of which also measured precipitation and nine of which measured soil temperature. These stations help to characterize the weather across a high elevation basin with very sparse measurements. We characterized soil profiles at nine sites to verify that they match up with mapped soil textures. This comprehensive data set includes meteorological, glacier mass balance, snow cover, and soil measurements. We also include digitized snow depth data from a set of similar observations collected in the 1980s. Users can access the complete report and digital data from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/30138. Purpose: As part of a study for a proposed hydropower facility, the authors conducted extensive field observations in the Upper Susitna basin, a 13,289 km2 (5,130 mi2) glacierized catchment in central Alaska, in 2012-2014. This dataset is a companion to a paper submitted to the journal Earth Systems Science Data (Bliss and others, unpub. data). The data will be useful for hydrological and glaciological studies, including modeling efforts. Supplemental_Information: >Station locations: Station locations and elevations for the weather measurements generated or utilized in this study. >On-Ice and Off-Ice weather stations: Instrument readings from the Susitna Glacier "Off-Ice" weather station and the West Fork Glacier "On-Ice" weather station. The West Fork Glacier On-Ice station "floats" on the ice surface and moves down as the surface ablates. Note: "NaN" values throughout this table indicate that the measurement was not taken or was not applicable. >Ice temperatures at the On-Ice station: Thermistor temperature measurements (degrees C) near the West Fork Glacier On-Ice weather station. Sensors are labeled with their height/depth relative to the ice surface at installation. These depths change over time as the surface ablates. >Simple weather stations, including soil temperature: Readings from 26 stations installed around the basin to measure air temperature and relative humidity. A subset of these stations also measured precipitation and soil temperature. >Soil temperature measurement depths: Soil temperature measurement depths (m) at nine simple weather stations. >Mass balance - point: Point mass balance data in water equivalence (w.e.) from earlier work (Clarke and others, 1985) and our work. Note that the year used here is the mass balance year and not calendar year. The mass balance year 2012 corresponds to winter of 2011/2012 through the end of the summer of 2012. >Mass balance - radar: Winter mass balance data from helicopter-borne snow radar. Units are meters of snow water equivalent (SWE). For each glacier, the data were binned into 50-m elevation bands and then averaged. Standard deviation within each bin is also given. >Time lapse: Time-lapse videos from the cameras near the On-Ice (West Fork Glacier) and Off-Ice (Susitna Glacier) weather stations. The images used in these videos were captured at 10 a.m. local time. The camera at the On-Ice weather station started April 18, 2013, and ran until September 5, 2013. The camera at the Off-Ice weather station started on July 17, 2013, and ran until September 26, 2013. >Snow depth: Snow depth and density measurements between 2012 and 2014. >Soil pits: Observations from soil pits. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2012 Ending_Date: 2014 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -150.697140 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.574100 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 63.994400 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 61.405330 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: Climate Theme_Keyword: Climate Change Theme_Keyword: Glacial Geology Theme_Keyword: Glacial Geomorphology Theme_Keyword: Glacial Processes Theme_Keyword: Glaciers Theme_Keyword: Glaciology Theme_Keyword: Hydrology Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Alpine Creek Place_Keyword: Bartell Creek Place_Keyword: Bernard Creek Place_Keyword: Cache Creek Place_Keyword: Copper River Place_Keyword: Denali Borough Place_Keyword: Drashner Lake Place_Keyword: Gakona River Place_Keyword: Glaser Lake Place_Keyword: Gold Creek Place_Keyword: Granite Creek Place_Keyword: Gulkana River Place_Keyword: High Lake Place_Keyword: Hines Creek Place_Keyword: Lake Creek Place_Keyword: Lake Dinty Place_Keyword: Lake Louise Place_Keyword: Maclaren River Place_Keyword: Michael Creek Place_Keyword: Moose Creek Place_Keyword: Portage Creek Place_Keyword: Snowshoe Lake Place_Keyword: Sourdough Creek Place_Keyword: Summit Lake Place_Keyword: Susitna Lake Place_Keyword: Susitna River Place_Keyword: Tahneta Lake Place_Keyword: Tyone Lake Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Data_Set_Credit: The authors appreciate support and funding from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Energy Authority, and Colorado State University. Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: This comprehensive data set includes meteorological, glacier mass balance, snow cover, and soil measurements. We also include digitized snow depth data from a set of similar observations collected in the 1980s. This data set is being released into the DGGS Raw Data File series. The information has been examined by several geologists familiar with the study area, but the data and accompanying report have not been formally reviewed for technical content or for conformity to the editorial standards of DGGS. Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable Completeness_Report: This data release is complete. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Locations described in these files were measured with GPS and should be considered accurate to within a few meters. Higher precision is not needed for any of the position data we present here. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Clarke, T.S. Originator: Johnson, D. Originator: Harrison, W.D. Publication_Date: 1985 Title: Glacier mass balances and runoff in the upper Susitna and Maclaren River basins, 1981-1983 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks Publisher: null Online_Linkage: null Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1985 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Clarke, T.S. and others, 1985 Source_Contribution: data collection and compilation Process_Step: Process_Description: Data collection and compilation - Around the rest of the basin, we installed 26 stations that measured air temperature and relative humidity, 10 of which also measured precipitation and nine of which measured soil temperature. These stations help to characterize the weather across a high elevation basin with very sparse measurements. We used weather stations from Campbell Scientific and Onset to collect meteorological data; ablation stakes, snow pits, and helicopter-borne radar to measure glacier mass balance; an Adirondack snow tube to measure snow depth; a Wingscapes time-lapse camera; and photos and field observations to establish soil types in the soil pits. We characterized soil profiles at nine sites to verify that they match up with mapped soil textures. The methods used to collect the data are described with additional detail in a paper submitted to the journal Earth Systems Science Data (Bliss and others, unpub. data). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Clarke, T.S. and others, 1985 Process_Date: 2014 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101000025 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Station locations Entity_Type_Label: rdf2019-3-station-locations.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Station locations and elevations for the weather measurements generated or utilized in this study. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Andrew K. Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel J. Wolken, Erin N. Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, William D. Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna K. Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang Attribute: Attribute_Label: Station Attribute_Definition: Station name Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: File Attribute_Definition: The file name of the corresponding data table for the weather stations installed for this project Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Type Attribute_Definition: Station type is one of the following: Automatic weather station (AWS); HOBO installed on the glacier (HOBO glacier); HOBO installed on tundra (HOBO tundra); National Climatic Data Center (NCDC); or Susitna Watana Hydrological Data Network (SWHDN). Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude_deg Attribute_Definition: Latitude (degrees), NAD83 datum Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude_deg Attribute_Definition: Longitude (degrees), NAD83 datum Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Northing_m Attribute_Definition: Northing (meters  ), UTM Zone 6N Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Easting_m Attribute_Definition: Easting (meters ), UTM Zone 6N Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation_m Attribute_Definition: Elevation (meters above sea level) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: On-Ice and Off-Ice weather stations Entity_Type_Label: rdf2019-3-weather-station-susitna-glacier-off-ice-2013.csv, rdf2019-3-weather-station-west-fork-glacier-on-ice-2013.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Instrument readings from the Susitna Glacier "Off-Ice" weather station and the West Fork Glacier "On-Ice" weather station. The West Fork Glacier On-Ice station "floats" on the ice surface and moves down as the surface ablates. Note: "NaN" values throughout this table indicate that the measurement was not taken or was not applicable. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Andrew K. Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel J. Wolken, Erin N. Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, William D. Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna K. Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang Attribute: Attribute_Label: time Attribute_Definition: Matlab date (where day 1 = 1 January of year 0) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: YYYY Attribute_Definition: Year Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: MM Attribute_Definition: Month Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: DD Attribute_Definition: Day Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: hh Attribute_Definition: Hour (local time) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: mm Attribute_Definition: Minute Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: ss Attribute_Definition: Second Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: dayofyear Attribute_Definition: Day of year Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: AirTemp_C Attribute_Definition: Air temperature (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: RH_pct Attribute_Definition: Relative humidity (percent) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: AirTemp2_C Attribute_Definition: Air temperature from redundant sensor (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: RH2_pct Attribute_Definition: Relative humidity from redundant sensor (percent) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: SWup_W_m2 Attribute_Definition: Upward-facing (incoming) shortwave radiation (W/m2) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: SWdn_W_m2 Attribute_Definition: Downward-facing (reflected) shortwave radiation (W/m2) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: LWup_W_m2 Attribute_Definition: Upward-facing (incoming) longwave radiation (W/m2) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: LWdn_W_m2 Attribute_Definition: Downward-facing (outgoing) longwave radiation (W/m2) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Precip_mm Attribute_Definition: Precipitation (mm) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: WindDir_deg Attribute_Definition: Wind direction (degrees from North) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: WindSpdMax_m_s Attribute_Definition: Wind speed maximum averaged over a 3 second interval (m/s) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: WindSpd_m_s Attribute_Definition: Average wind speed (m/s) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: TiltUx_deg Attribute_Definition: Tilt of the radiation sensors in the x-direction (degrees) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: TiltUy_deg Attribute_Definition: Tilt of the radiation sensors in the y-direction (degrees) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: BaroPr_hPa Attribute_Definition: Barometric pressure (hPa) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: DistanceToSurface_m Attribute_Definition: Distance to the ice surface measured from a pole that is fixed vertically in the ice (meters) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Ice temperatures at the On-Ice station Entity_Type_Label: rdf2019-3-ice-temperature-west-fork-glacier-2013.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Thermistor temperature measurements (degrees C) near the West Fork Glacier On-Ice weather station. Sensors are labeled with their height/depth relative to the ice surface at installation. These depths change over time as the surface ablates. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Andrew K. Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel J. Wolken, Erin N. Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, William D. Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna K. Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang Attribute: Attribute_Label: time Attribute_Definition: Matlab date (where day 1 = 1 January of year 0) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: YYYY Attribute_Definition: Year Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: MM Attribute_Definition: Month Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: DD Attribute_Definition: Day Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: hh Attribute_Definition: Hour (local time) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: mm Attribute_Definition: Minute Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: ss Attribute_Definition: Second Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: dayofyear Attribute_Definition: Day of the year Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Snow 0.65 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the snowpack (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Snow 1.15 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the snowpack (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Snow 1.65 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the snowpack (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 0.1 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 0.5 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 1.0 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 1.5 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 2.0 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 2.5 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 3 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 5 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 6 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 7 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 8 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ice 10 m Attribute_Definition: Temperature of the ice (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Simple weather stations Entity_Type_Label: rdf2019-3-simple-weather-stations.zip Entity_Type_Definition: Readings from 26 stations installed around the basin to measure air temperature and relative humidity. A subset of these stations also measured precipitation and soil temperature. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Andrew K. Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel J. Wolken, Erin N. Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, William D. Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna K. Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang Attribute: Attribute_Label: time Attribute_Definition: Matlab date (where day 1 = 1 January of year 0) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: YYYY Attribute_Definition: Year Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: MM Attribute_Definition: Month Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: DD Attribute_Definition: Day Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: hh Attribute_Definition: Hour (local time) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: mm Attribute_Definition: Minute Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: ss Attribute_Definition: Second Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: dayofyear Attribute_Definition: Day of the year Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: AirTemp_C Attribute_Definition: Air temperature (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: RH_pct Attribute_Definition: Relative humidity (percent) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Precip_mm Attribute_Definition: Precipitation (mm) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: SoilTempShallow_C Attribute_Definition: Shallow soil temperature (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: SoilTempDeep_C Attribute_Definition: Deep soil temperature (degrees C) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Soil temperature measurement depths Entity_Type_Label: rdf2019-3-soil-temperature-measurement-depths.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Soil temperature measurement depths (m) at nine simple weather stations. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Andrew K. Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel J. Wolken, Erin N. Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, William D. Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna K. Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang Attribute: Attribute_Label: Station Attribute_Definition: Station Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shallow_Depth_m Attribute_Definition: Depth (m) of shallow soil temperature sensor Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Deep_Depth_m Attribute_Definition: Depth (m) of deep soil temperature sensor Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Mass balance - point Entity_Type_Label: rdf2019-3-mass-balance-point.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Point mass balance data in water equivalence (w.e.) from earlier work (Clarke and others, 1985) and our work. Note that the year used here is the mass balance year and not calendar year. The mass balance year 2012 corresponds to winter of 2011/2012 through the end of the summer of 2012. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Andrew K. Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel J. Wolken, Erin N. Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, William D. Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna K. Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang (this report) and Clarke and others, 1985 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Station Attribute_Definition: Station Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Data_Source Attribute_Definition: originator of data incorporated from historic observations Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude_deg Attribute_Definition: Latitude (degrees), NAD83 datum Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude_deg Attribute_Definition: Longitude (degrees), NAD83 datum Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation_m Attribute_Definition: Elevation (meters above sea level) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year Attribute_Definition: Year Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: AnnualMB_mmwe Attribute_Definition: Annual mass balance (mm w.e.) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: WinterMB_mmwe Attribute_Definition: Winter mass balance (mm w.e.) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: SummerMB_mmwe Attribute_Definition: Summer mass balance (mm w.e.) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Mass balance - radar Entity_Type_Label: rdf2019-3-mass-balance-radar.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Winter mass balance data from helicopter-borne snow radar. Units are meters of snow water equivalent (SWE). For each glacier, the data were binned into 50-m elevation bands and then averaged. Standard deviation within each bin is also given. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Andrew K. Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel J. Wolken, Erin N. Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, William D. Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna K. Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang Attribute: Attribute_Label: time Attribute_Definition: Matlab date (where day 1 = 1 January of year 0) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: YYYY Attribute_Definition: Year Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: MM Attribute_Definition: Month Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: DD Attribute_Definition: Day Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Zone Attribute_Definition: Zone 1: West Fork Glacier; 2: Susitna Glacier; 3: East Fork Glacier; 4: Maclaren Glacier; 5: Eureka Glacier; 6: any area off the glaciers. Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation_m Attribute_Definition: Elevation of the bottom of the 50 m bin (meters above sea level) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: SWE_m Attribute_Definition: Mean SWE in the bin (meters) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: SWE_std_m Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation of SWE in the bin (meters) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Time lapse Entity_Type_Label: rdf2019-3-time-lapse-susitna-glacier-off-ice-2013.mov, rdf2019-3-time-lapse-west-fork-glacier-on-ice-2013.mov Entity_Type_Definition: Time-lapse videos from the cameras near the On-Ice (West Fork Glacier) and Off-Ice (Susitna Glacier) weather stations. The images used in these videos were captured at 10 a.m. local time. The camera at the On-Ice weather station started April 18, 2013, and ran until September 5, 2013. The camera at the Off-Ice weather station started on July 17, 2013, and ran until September 26, 2013. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Andrew K. Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel J. Wolken, Erin N. Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, William D. Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna K. Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Snow depth Entity_Type_Label: rdf2019-3-snow-depth.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Snow depth and density measurements between 2012 and 2014. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Andrew K. Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel J. Wolken, Erin N. Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, William D. Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna K. Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang Attribute: Attribute_Label: Site Attribute_Definition: Site name Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude_deg Attribute_Definition: Latitude (degrees), NAD83 datum Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude_deg Attribute_Definition: Longitude (degrees), NAD83 datum Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation_m Attribute_Definition: Elevation (meters above sea level) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year Attribute_Definition: Year Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Month Attribute_Definition: Month Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Day Attribute_Definition: Day Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: VegClass Attribute_Definition: Vegetation class: spruce forest (SPRUCE); shrub (SHRUB); rock (ROCK) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: SnowDepth_mm Attribute_Definition: Snow depth (mm) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: DepthSTD_mm Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation of snow depth (mm) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Density_kg_m3 Attribute_Definition: Snow density (kg/m3) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: SWE_mmwe Attribute_Definition: Snow Water Equivalent (mm w.e.) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Soil pits Entity_Type_Label: rdf2019-3-soil-pits.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Observations from soil pits. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Andrew K. Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel J. Wolken, Erin N. Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, William D. Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna K. Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang Attribute: Attribute_Label: Site Attribute_Definition: Site name Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Depth_cm Attribute_Definition: Depth or depth interval of observations (cm), with a depth of 0 at the transition from living plant material above (negative depths) to soil and roots below (positive depths) Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: SoilHorizon Attribute_Definition: Soil horizon observed Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Description Attribute_Definition: Description of the soil Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Attribute: Attribute_Label: Comments Attribute_Definition: Any additional comments recorded in the field Attribute_Definition_Source: this report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: string Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Resource_Description: RDF 2019-3 Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount. Fees: Contact DGGS for current pricing Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: report and digital data Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://doi.org/10.14509/30138 Fees: Free download Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20190430 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Person: Simone Montayne Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: Metadata Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Use_Constraints: If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed in the supporting metadata file. User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources or Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions