Sonar and seismic lake surveys along the proposed triangle road corridor, northwestern Alaska, collected July 6-13, 2021

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Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Sonar and seismic lake surveys along the proposed triangle road corridor, northwestern Alaska, collected July 6-13, 2021
Abstract:
Sonar and seismic lake surveys along the proposed triangle road corridor, northwestern Alaska, collected July 6-13, 2021, Raw Data File 2023-1, provides bathymetric sonar and seismic data for 12 lakes in a proposed road corridor between Atqasuk and Wainwright, Alaska, on July 6-13, 2021. These surveys aimed to assess gravel resources in northwestern Alaska as part of the Arctic Strategic Transportation and Resources (ASTAR) program. We measured lake depths with an Edgetech 2205 sonar system and imaged near-surface sediment profiles with an Edgetech sub-bottom profiler, or chirp sensor, installed in a catamaran-style Sea Robotics SR-Surveyor M1.8 autonomous hydrographic survey system. Very little is known about lake-bottom conditions in the region. In addition to acquiring new information about North Slope lake bathymetry, this work serves as a pilot study to identify optimal equipment configuration and project design for challenging, helicopter-supported remote data collection. The data associated with this report are available in digital format as bathymetric digital terrain models (DTMs), bathymetric control points, sontek density and salinity profiles, sonar images, seismic profiles, and a comma-separated value (CSV) file of the lake locations. The data are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/30954.
Supplemental_Information:
bathymetry:    Point cloud data format data of the lake bottom surface elevations, georeferenced raster format data of the lake bottom surface elevations, KML format georeferenced, color ramped raster (.kmz) depicting the lake bottom surface elevations in Google Earth, and color ramped raster (.png) of the relative lake bottom surface elevations	
hypack:    Hypack proprietary data format navigation data	
seismic:    Images of the seismic charts, data in seismic data (.seg) format, and Hypack files containing the seismic profile	
sonar:    Tiled raster files showing the sonar reflection image	
station-locations:    CSV format file depicting the lake locations
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Daanen, R.P., and Stokes, T.B., 2023, Sonar and seismic lake surveys along the proposed triangle road corridor, northwestern Alaska, collected July 6-13, 2021: Raw Data File RDF 2023-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 19 p.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.750136
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.553533
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.813858
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.515847
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 06-Jul-2021
    Currentness_Reference:
    publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: sonar
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a raster data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest .0000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest .0000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is NAD83.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: NAVD88, GEOID12B
      Depth_Resolution: 0.001
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    bathymetry
    Point cloud data format data of the lake bottom surface elevations, georeferenced raster format data of the lake bottom surface elevations, KML format georeferenced, color ramped raster (.kmz) depicting the lake bottom surface elevations in Google Earth, and color ramped raster (.png) of the relative lake bottom surface elevations (Source: DGGS)
    hypack
    Hypack proprietary data format navigation data (Source: DGGS)
    seismic
    Images of the seismic charts, data in seismic data (.seg) format, and Hypack files containing the seismic profile (Source: DGGS)
    sonar
    Tiled raster files showing the sonar reflection image (Source: DGGS)
    station-locations
    CSV format file depicting the lake locations (Source: DGGS)

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    These data were paid for by the State of Alaska's Arctic Strategic Transportation and Resources (ASTAR) project and collected and processed by DGGS. We thank the Bureau of Land Management and the City and Native Village of Wainwright for permission to access their land and lakes.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.

Why was the data set created?

This work serves as a pilot study to identify optimal equipment configuration and project design for challenging, helicopter-supported remote data collection.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 13-Jul-2021 (process 1 of 2)
    Sonar and seismic data collection - We used the Robotics SR-Surveyor M1.8 with a double frequency Edgetech 2205 sonar system with 540kHz bathy/1600 kHz sidescan transducers built into the hull. In addition, we installed an Edgetech sub-bottom profiler, or chirp sensor, on the surveyor with dual frequencies of 2 and 4 kHz. The surveyor has an SBG 1.1 m separation dual antenna Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) system operating in Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) mode for navigation. Rotational motion is resolved by an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The surveyor has dual 1 kW pocket thrusters used for propulsion and steering and an AML micro-SV sound velocity sensor. The surveyor has an onboard computer that runs Hypack Max software for navigation and data collection and a remote-control system for manual interface during survey start and finish. A single 1500 Whr Li-ion Battery powers all electronics. Although this equipment configuration allowed us to collect useful data successfully, the remote location and weather conditions required several modifications to our acquisition plan. Battery size and windy conditions limited fieldwork to about two hours per battery charge. We lost propulsion of the surveyor during testing and the early part of the data collection and did not have sufficient spare parts to continue using the onboard thrusters. In addition, we found that the shallow nature of the lakes did not allow the sonar to map the entire lake bottom during the planned fieldwork time. However, because the focus of the fieldwork was to attempt to find any structures in the sediment layering that would indicate gravel layers, we decided to continue data collection by towing the surveyor by kayak across the lake to measure a single seismic line. Using this mode of operation, we surveyed 10 lakes on a single battery charge. Side-scan uses a sonar device that emits conical or fan-shaped pulses down toward the seafloor across a wide-angle perpendicular to the path of the sensor through the water. The side scan sonar built into the surveyor's hull provided bathymetry and an image of the lake bottom. We used the data to produce a DTM of the areas surveyed. Seismic chirp, or sub-bottom profiling, is a technique used to detect sediment layers by measuring the timing and strength of reflections from a single energy wave. The seismic chirp can be heard during surveying as a clicking sound. During our survey, we did not detect reflectors in the seismic data that would indicate sediment layering. The layering displayed in the figures is an echo of the lake bottom.
    Date: 2021 (process 2 of 2)
    Sonar and Seismic Dataset Processing - Raw data from the sonar and seismic chirp devices were processed in Hypack Max. This software package integrates the location and movement information from the RTK GNSS antennas and IMU data to show sonar reflection and seismic profiles in the correct location relative to known datums. Sonar data provides a reflection image of the lake bottom and can be used to investigate sediment conditions. The image can be enhanced using a variety of gain functions. The sonar also provides the depth soundings needed to create the DTM. The seismic imagery was processed with standard cleaning steps of a frequency filter, dynamic range filter, time-varying gain filter, bottom tracking (automated or manual), and a sound velocity correction.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Buzard, R.M., Heiner, Daniel, Overbeck, J.R., and Glenn, R.J.T., 2021, Photogrammetry-derived orthoimagery and elevation for Wainwright, Alaska, collected August 3, 2021: Raw Data File RDF 2021-18, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 4 p
    Gavel, M.M., and Hubbard, T.D., 2021, Digital data addendum: Analytical data and field observations from surficial geology and morphology of the Alaskan central Arctic Coastal Plain, 1981-1987: Report of Investigation RI 93-1A, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 6 p
    Germann, J.T., and Daanen, R.P., 2022, Profile and discharge data for five waterways in the Utqiagvik-Atqasuk-Wainwright region, Alaska, collected August 2022: Raw Data File RDF 2022-15, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 5 p
    Haralson, M.D., Hubbard, T.D., and Montayne, Simone, 2023, 2021 Arctic Strategic Transportation and Resources (ASTAR) project field station location data and descriptions: Wainwright, Atqasuk, and Utqiagvik, North Slope, Alaska: Raw Data File RDF 2023-4, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 5 p
    Haralson, M.D., Hubbard, T.D., and Montayne, Simone, 2023, 2021 Arctic Strategic Transportation and Resources (ASTAR) project field geotechnical data and sample descriptions: Wainwright, Atqasuk, and Utqiagvik, North Slope, Alaska: Raw Data File RDF 2023-5, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 4 p
    Herbst, A.M., and Daanen, R.P., 2022, Lidar-derived elevation data for the Utqiagvik-Atqasuk region, Alaska, collected August 2019: Raw Data File RDF 2022-10, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 8 p

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Data values were directly measured using the methology described in the accompanying report.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    We usded a Robotics SR-Surveyor M1.8 for navigation. The surveyor has an SBG 1.1 m separation dual antenna Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) system operating in Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) mode. Data were collected processed and delivered in NAD83 (2011) UTM Zone 4N and vertical datum NAVD88 (GEOID12B).
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Due to the nature of the surveys, we could not verify the elevation data sets with independent measurements of an RTK GPS which would otherwise be the standard procedure.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    A malfunction in the onboard propulsion system prevented its use throughout the entire area of each lake. We opted to survey a single line across a lake for the remainder of the selected lakes in the survey area. This data release is complete.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Not applicable

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? RDF 2023-1
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 21-Jun-2023
Metadata author:
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
Attn: Simone Montayne
Metadata Manager
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK
USA

(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:

Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Wed Jun 21 18:34:59 2023