Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Loewen, M.W. Originator: Dietterich, Hannah Originator: Rosenkrans, H.S. Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Davidof volcano samples and analyses Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: csv Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2023-22 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 4 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31084 Description: Abstract: Davidof volcano samples and analyses, Raw Data File 2023-22, provides calculations and analytical results from samples collected in the western Aleutian Islands in 2021 by Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) geologists Hannah Dietterich and Matt Loewen. The primary target of this sampling was Davidof volcano, a partially submerged 5 km-diameter caldera located in the Rat Islands. Subaerial exposures include Davidof, Khvostof, Lopy, and Pyramid islands. The only prior published work on Davidof volcano was part of the U.S. Geological Survey's post World War II geologic reconnaissance of the Aleutian Islands (Nelson and others, 1959). Nelson and others (1959) only indicate two samples from Davidof volcano that were analyzed petrographically, but prior to this data release no quantitative data for Davidof volcano have been available. This report also includes samples collected during 2021 from the western shore of Little Sitkin Volcano, as well as new electron microprobe analyses from samples previously collected in 2005 and 2015 from Little Sitkin Volcano and 2015 from Segula Volcano. Data associated with this report are archived in the Geologic Database of Information on Volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA; Cameron and others, 2022, doi.org/10.14509/geodiva. This report is released as a Raw Data File with an open end-user license. The data are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/31084. Purpose: The only prior published work on Davidof volcano was part of the U.S. Geological Survey's post World War II geologic reconnaissance of the Aleutian Islands (Nelson and others, 1959). Nelson and others (1959) only indicate two samples from Davidof volcano that were analyzed petrographically, but prior to this data release no quantitative data for Davidof volcano have been available. This research describes the nature and character of samples from a past eruption to aid in the discussion of spatial and temporal patterns of Alaska volcanism. In addition, the work supports improvements to eruption scenario forecasts and hazard response. Supplemental_Information: >Carbon: Radiocarbon results for a subset of samples. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. >EPMA: Electron microprobe glass analyses. Most analyses are of matrix glass although a few melt inclusion analyses are included, as indicated by a suffix on the at_num and in the sample description. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. >GlassAvg: Synthesizes EPMA and Laser analyses as a single row for each sample and uncertainties calculated from repeat sample analyses. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. >Laser: Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of matrix glass. The table also includes the electron microprobe analyses associated with each laser analysis, and thus duplicates some information the EPMA table. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. >LaserStandards: Laser ablation secondary standard results. >LaserStandardSummary: Summary statistics for laser ablation secondary standards. Unlike other tables this is not machine-readable and acts as a set of supplementary tables to the text. >Layers: Stratigraphic observations collected at a subset of stations. Station data can be linked with the StationID column. >Samples: Metadata for collected samples. Samples can be linked to the Stations or Layers data through the StationID and layer_name columns. >Stations: Station observations and station coordinates. >WholeRock: Bulk whole rock major and trace element analyses. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2022 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: 178.161860 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 179.267000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 51.998550 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 51.399500 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: Active Volcanoes Theme_Keyword: Age Dates Theme_Keyword: Analyses Theme_Keyword: Analyses and Sampling Theme_Keyword: Analytical Lab Results Theme_Keyword: Analytical Results Theme_Keyword: DGGS Theme_Keyword: Geochemical Data Theme_Keyword: Geochemistry Theme_Keyword: Geochronology Theme_Keyword: Geologic Theme_Keyword: Geologic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Hazards Theme_Keyword: Igneous Theme_Keyword: Igneous Rocks Theme_Keyword: Lab Methods Theme_Keyword: Laser Ablation Theme_Keyword: Major Oxides Theme_Keyword: Microprobe Analysis Theme_Keyword: Petrogenesis Theme_Keyword: Pyroclastics Theme_Keyword: Radiocarbon Ages Theme_Keyword: Radiocarbon Dating Theme_Keyword: Rocks Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Ash Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Eruption Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Rocks Theme_Keyword: Volcaniclastic Deposits Theme_Keyword: Volcaniclastics Theme_Keyword: Volcanoes Theme_Keyword: Volcanology Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Aleutian Islands Place_Keyword: Crater Bay Place_Keyword: Davidof Island Place_Keyword: Khvostof Island Place_Keyword: Little Sitkin Island Place_Keyword: Lopy Island Place_Keyword: Pyramid Island Place_Keyword: Rat Islands Place_Keyword: Segula Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: GIS Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Rd City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggsgis@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Data_Set_Credit: Sampling was done with essential work support by helicopter pilot Mike Grover, as well as the R/V Steadfast crew and AVO field teams during the 2021 western Aleutian Islands analog-to-digital network upgrade. Analytical assistance was provided by Pavel Izbekov (EPMA) and Chris Russo (LA-ICP-MS). Data preparation and metadata review were provided by Cheryl Cameron, Simone Montayne, and editorial handling by Kirsten Janssen. Data review provided by Simone Montayne. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Cameron, C.E. Originator: Crass, S.W. Originator: AVO Staff Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Geologic Database of Information on Volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA) Series_Information: Series_Name: Digital Data Series Issue_Identification: DDS 20 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30901 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Cameron, C.E. Originator: Snedigar, S.F. Originator: Nye, C.J. Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Alaska Volcano Observatory geochemical database Series_Information: Series_Name: Digital Data Series Issue_Identification: DDS 8 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29120 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Cameron, C.E. Originator: Crass, S.W. Originator: AVO Staff Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Geologic Database of Information on Volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA) Series_Information: Series_Name: Digital Data Series Issue_Identification: DDS 20 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30901 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Larsen, J.F. Originator: Neal, C.A. Originator: Cameron, C.E. Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Major-oxide and trace-element geochemical data from rocks collected on Little Sitkin Island, from Little Sitkin Volcano, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2020-4 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 4 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30440 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Loewen, M.W. Originator: Wallace, K.L. Originator: Lubbers, Jordan Originator: Ruth, Dawn Originator: Izbekov, P.E. Originator: Larsen, J.F. Originator: Graham, Nathan Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Glass electron microprobe analyses methods, precision and accuracy for tephra studies in Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 174 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 20 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31045 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: We quantified accuracy and precision using methods decribed in Loewen and others (2023) and Nye and others (2018). See accompanying report for additional detail. Logical_Consistency_Report: Not applicable Completeness_Report: This data releaase is complete. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Geologists recorded locations using GPS-enabled iPad mini 5 tablets with the StraboSpot field app. The coordinates have a horizontal error of approximately 10 m. Latitude and longitude are reported in the WGS84 datum. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Field Data - Geologists collected samples during helicopter- and boat-supported fieldwork in May 2021 and recorded locations using GPS-enabled iPad mini 5 tablets in with the StraboSpot field app (Walker and others, 2019; www.strabospot.org/). Latitude and longitude are reported in the WGS84 datum. Station names (StationID) were assigned to sample locations and areas of general observation; sample names (SampleID) correspond to specific samples and include sample descriptions. Laboratory id numbers (at_num) were assigned during laboratory processing and analysis to keep track of "daughter" samples. Process_Date: 2022 Process_Step: Process_Description: Radiocarbon Analyses - Soil samples were analyzed at the University of Georgia Center for Applied Isotope Studies (CAIS) by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) to determine 14C radiocarbon ages. Bulk soil samples were dried at room temperature within 6 weeks of collection in the field. Samples were then submitted to CAIS where humic acid separation and analysis was performed using the following method: root material and other organics were partially removed by sieving through 125 µm nylon mesh. The resulting soil was then treated with 1N hydrochloric acid at 80 ˚C for 1 hour to remove carbonates after which the samples were treated with a solution of 0.5M Na4P2O7 and 0.1M NaOH at room temperature over 24 hours for humic acid extraction. Samples were then precipitated and centrifuged with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Finally, samples were rinsed with Milli_Q water and dried at 105 ˚C overnight. Dried samples were combusted at 900 ˚C in an evacuated sealed quartz ampoule in the presence of CuO. Graphite 14C/13C ratios were measured with a 0.5 MeV accelerator mass spectrometer with isotope ratios compared to Oxalic Acid II (NBS SRM 4990C). Ratios of 13C/12C were measured separately using a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer and are reported as δ13C relative to Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB). Reported uncalibrated ages (AgeInterpreted) are given in radiocarbon years before 1950 using a 14C half-life of 5568 years. Process_Date: 2022 Process_Step: Process_Description: Whole Rock Analyses - Bulk lava and tephra samples were crushed to ~1-cm pieces, sonicated, and dried before submittal to the Washington State University Peter Hooper GeoAnalytical Laboratory for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and solution Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Procedures used followed Johnson and others (1999) and technical notes posted at environment.wsu.edu/facilities/geoanalytical-lab/technical-notes/. Detailed analysis and discussion of major and trace element uncertainty for samples submitted by AVO to this lab are provided in Nye and others (2018), which demonstrated 2s precision of less than 0.5 rel.% for major oxides (1.2% for FeOT) and 4 rel.% for most trace elements. Process_Date: 2022 Process_Step: Process_Description: Electron Microprobe Analyses - Zircon U-Pb sample analysis, Zircon U-Pb data reduction, and Zircon U-PB data interpretation were conducted between 2011 and 2022 and are described in detail in the accompanying report. Process_Date: 2022 Process_Step: Process_Description: Laser Ablation Analyses - After electron microprobe analysis, a subset of suitably glassy tephras were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS at the Oregon State University W.M. Keck Collaboratory for Plasma Spectrometry using Photo Machines Analyte G2 193 nm ArF Excimer Laser coupled to a Thermo Scientific iCAP-RQ ICP-MS. Ablation was performed at a 30 µm spot at 6.3 J/cm2 beam energy and 7 hz for ~25 seconds. Prior to analysis carbon coat was removed and analysis locations were pre-ablated with four pulses of a 110-µm-diameter beam. Concentrations were determined using in-house reduction software written in Visual Basic and described in Loewen and Kent (2012), using GSE-1G as a calibration standard and using 29Si--as independently constrained by electron microprobe analysis--as an internal standard. Secondary standards included GSD-1G, NIST-612, BHVO-2G, BCR-2G, and ATHO-G. Process_Date: 2022 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS84 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-22_Carbon.csv, RDF2023-22_Carbon-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Radiocarbon results for a subset of samples. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Carbon Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-22_EPMA.csv, RDF2023-22_EPMA-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Electron microprobe glass analyses. Most analyses are of matrix glass although a few melt inclusion analyses are included, as indicated by a suffix on the at_num and in the sample description. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: EPMA Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-22_GlassAvg.csv, RDF2023-22_GlassAvg-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Synthesizes EPMA and Laser analyses as a single row for each sample and uncertainties calculated from repeat sample analyses. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: GlassAvg Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-22_Laser.csv, RDF2023-22_Laser-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of matrix glass. The table also includes the electron microprobe analyses associated with each laser analysis, and thus duplicates some information the EPMA table. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Laser Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-22_LaserStandards.csv, RDF2023-22_LaserStandards-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Laser ablation secondary standard results. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: LaserStandards Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: LaserStandardSummary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Summary statistics for laser ablation secondary standards. Unlike other tables this is not machine-readable and acts as a set of supplementary tables to the text. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: LaserStandardSummary Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-22_Layers.csv, RDF2023-22_Layers-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Stratigraphic observations collected at a subset of stations. Station data can be linked with the StationID column. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Layers Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-22_Samples.csv, RDF2023-22_Samples-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Metadata for collected samples. Samples can be linked to the Stations or Layers data through the StationID and layer_name columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Samples Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-22_Stations.csv, RDF2023-22_Stations-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Station observations and station coordinates. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: Stations Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RDF2023-22_WholeRock.csv, RDF2023-22_WholeRock-data-dictionary.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Bulk whole rock major and trace element analyses. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the SampleID and at_num columns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: AVO and DGGS staff Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: WholeRock Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 907-451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (http://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Resource_Description: RDF 2023-22 Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties of merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the electronic services or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity, whether from the use of the electronic services or products, any failure thereof, or otherwise, and in no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. 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User specifically agrees not to misrepresent this metadata file, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions