Source compositions of large tephra-production eruptions in Alaska

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Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Source compositions of large tephra-production eruptions in Alaska
Abstract:
Source compositions of large tephra-production eruptions in Alaska, Raw Data File 2023-26, provides new in situ geochemical analyses from previously collected samples originally utilized/interpreted in the Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems publication "Probabilistic source classification of large tephra producing eruptions using supervised machine learning: An example from the Alaska-Aleutian arc" (Lubbers, Loewen, and others, 2023). The samples and analyses comprise 31 eruptions from 16 Alaska volcanoes. All samples have been archived in the Geologic Database of Information on Volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA; Cameron and others, 2022, doi.org/10.14509/geodiva). They are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/31091.
Supplemental_Information:
EPMA:    This table includes electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analyses. Analyses are of matrix glass. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the AT_num column. 	
EPMAStandards:    This table includes EPMA standard reference material (SRM) analyses. This table includes summary statistics for EPMA SRM analyses. The EPMAStandardsSummary and the LaserStandardsSummary tables are not machine-readable and are supplementary tables to the text.	
Laser:    This table includes laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of matrix glass. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the AT_num column.	
LaserStandards:    This table includes LA-ICP-MS SRM analyses. The summary table includes summary statistics for LA-ICP-MS SRM analyses. The LaserStandardsSummary and the EPMAStandardsSummary tables are not machine-readable and are supplementary tables to the text. 	
References:    This table includes references used throughout the following tabs. There are columns for “short” (i.e., in-text) and full (i.e., bibliography) versions of each reference.	
Samples:    This table includes metadata for all analyzed samples. Samples can be linked across tables using the AT_num column.	
Stations:    Station observations and station coordinates.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Lubbers, Jordan, Loewen, M.W., Wallace, Kristi, and Coombs, M.L., 2024, Source compositions of large tephra-production eruptions in Alaska: Raw Data File RDF 2023-26, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 3 p.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -178.790000
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.000000
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 63.000000
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 51.760000
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 1992
    Ending_Date: 2023
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: csv
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a point data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is NAD83.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    RDF2023-26_EPMA.csv, RDF2023-26_EPMA-data-dictionary.csv
    This table includes electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analyses. Analyses are of matrix glass. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the AT_num column. (Source: AVO and DGGS staff)
    RDF2023-26_EPMAStandards.csv, RDF2023-26_EPMAStandardSummary.csv
    This table includes EPMA standard reference material (SRM) analyses. This table includes summary statistics for EPMA SRM analyses. The EPMAStandardsSummary and the LaserStandardsSummary tables are not machine-readable and are supplementary tables to the text. (Source: AVO and DGGS staff)
    RDF2023-26_Laser.csv, RDF2023-26_Laser-data-dictionary.csv
    This table includes laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of matrix glass. This table can be linked to the Samples table by the AT_num column. (Source: AVO and DGGS staff)
    RDF2023-25_LaserStandards.csv, RDF2023-25_LaserStandardSummary.csv
    This table includes LA-ICP-MS SRM analyses. The summary table includes summary statistics for LA-ICP-MS SRM analyses. The LaserStandardsSummary and the EPMAStandardsSummary tables are not machine-readable and are supplementary tables to the text. (Source: AVO and DGGS staff)
    rdf2023-26_References.csv
    This table includes references used throughout the following tabs. There are columns for “short” (i.e., in-text) and full (i.e., bibliography) versions of each reference. (Source: AVO and DGGS staff)
    rdf2023-26_Samples.csv, rdf2023-26_Samples-data-dictionary.csv
    This table includes metadata for all analyzed samples. Samples can be linked across tables using the AT_num column. (Source: AVO and DGGS staff)
    RDF2023-26_Stations.csv, RDF2023-26_Stations-data-dictionary.csv
    Station observations and station coordinates. (Source: AVO and DGGS staff)

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    We thank the field geologists who, over numerous decades, collected most of the samples used in this project. Analytical assistance was provided by Dawn Ruth (EPMA) and Chris Russo (LA-ICP-MS). We would also like to thank Simone Montayne and Laura Walkup for their constructive reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.

Why was the data set created?

These samples were collected over many years during geologic investigations of the eruptive histories of these source volcanoes and in regional studies of eruption impacts. They are compiled here to support research characterizing the composition and impacts of these volcanoes. These data describe the nature of samples from a past eruption to aid in discussing Alaska volcanism's spatial and temporal patterns. In addition, the work supports improvements to eruption scenario forecasts and hazard response.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2021 (process 1 of 3)
    Field Data - Samples included in this report were collected over multiple field seasons between 1992 and 2021, supporting geologic investigations on individual volcanoes and regional studies. Latitude and longitude are reported in the NAD83 datum. Locations were typically determined using various handheld GPS devices and thus are accurate to approximately 10 m. Station names (StationID) were assigned to sample locations and areas of general observation; sample names (SampleID) correspond to specific samples and include sample descriptions. Laboratory id numbers (AT_num) were assigned during laboratory processing and analysis to keep track of "child" samples.
    Date: 2022 (process 2 of 3)
    Electron Microprobe Analyses - Tephra samples were mounted in epoxy and polished for EPMA analysis at the USGS Menlo Park JEOL JXA 8530 F+ EPMA. Detailed methodology of analysis accuracy and precision is found in Loewen and others (2023).
    Date: 2022 (process 3 of 3)
    Laser Ablation Analyses - Trace element concentrations in tephra were measured using an Applied Spectra RESOlution SE ArF excimer laser system connected to a ThermoFisher Scientific iCAP-RQ ICP-MS at the Oregon State University W.M. Keck Collaboratory for Plasma Spectrometry. Analyses were conducted with a 24 µm spot, pulse rate of 10 Hz, fluence of 7.2 J/cm2, and ablation time of 22 seconds. Elemental concentrations were calculated from raw signals using the software LaserTRAM-DB (Lubbers, Kent, and Russo, 2023), which follows the methodology of Longerich and others (1996). The silicon (Si) isotope 29Si was used as the internal standard, and GSE-1G was the primary calibration standard. Si concentrations were independently constrained using EPMA analyses of the same region of matrix glass. Secondary SRMs included GSD-1G, BCR-2G, ATHO-G, and NIST-612.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Loewen, M.W., Wallace, K.L., Lubbers, Jordan, Ruth, Dawn, Izbekov, P.E., Larsen, J.F., and Graham, Nathan, 2023, Glass electron microprobe analyses methods, precision and accuracy for tephra studies in Alaska: Miscellaneous Publication MP 174, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 20 p
    Loewen, M.W., Wallace, Kristi, Coombs, M.L., and Mulliken, K.M., 2024, Tephra samples and analyses from Cook Inlet source volcanoes and Anchor Point, Alaska: Raw Data File RDF 2023-25, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 4 p
    Mulliken, K.M., Schaefer, J.R., and Cameron, C.E., 2018, Geospatial distribution of tephra fall in Alaska: a geodatabase compilation of published tephra fall occurrences from the Pleistocene to the present: Miscellaneous Publication MP 164, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 46 p
    Wallace, K.L., Cameron, C.E., Waythomas, C.F., and Perreault, J.M., 2020, Major-oxide and trace-element geochemical data from the tephra collected on Veniaminof volcano, Alaska: Raw Data File RDF 2020-17, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 5 p
    Wallace, K.L., Hayden, L.A., and Neal, C.A., 2017, Major-element glass compositions of tephra from the circa 3.6 ka eruption of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska: Raw Data File RDF 2017-9, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 9 p
    Worden, A.K., Schaefer, J.R., and Mulliken, K.M., 2018, Tephra occurrence in Alaska: a map-based compilation of stratigraphic tephra data: Miscellaneous Publication MP 165, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 19 p

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The data tables provide calculated 2 sigma level uncertainty values for all ages and isotope ratios. All requisite metadata for samples (e.g., collection date, location, collector) can be found by querying the Geologic Database for information on Volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA; doi.org/10.14509/geodiva) using the StationID.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Locations were typically determined using various handheld GPS devices and thus are accurate to ~10 m. In some cases the station location is the volcano's default coordinates in GeoDiva.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This data releaase is complete.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Not applicable

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? RDF 2023-26
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 02-Feb-2024
Metadata author:
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
Attn: Simone Montayne
Metadata Manager
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK
USA

(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:

Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Fri Feb 02 19:49:45 2024