Photogrammetry-derived orthoimagery and digital surface model of the central part of the Lost Jim Lava Flow, Imuruk Lake volcanic field, Alaska, collected August 2016

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Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Photogrammetry-derived orthoimagery and digital surface model of the central part of the Lost Jim Lava Flow, Imuruk Lake volcanic field, Alaska, collected August 2016
Abstract:
Photogrammetry-derived orthoimagery and digital surface model of the central part of the Lost Jim Lava Flow, Imuruk Lake volcanic field, Alaska, collected August 2016, Raw Data File 2025-23, provides a digital surface model (DSM) and orthorectified imagery derived from low-altitude aerial photographs collected over approximately 100 square kilometers of the central Lost Jim lava flow, located within the Imuruk Lake volcanic field in the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Alaska. The imagery was processed using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetric methods to generate high-resolution elevation and visual data suitable for geomorphological analysis. The aerial photography survey was conducted in August 2016 by researchers from the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute (UAFGI), in collaboration with the University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. These data products provide baseline imagery for accurately mapping the Lost Jim lava flow and identifying emplacement features such as inflated lava structures, lava-rise pits, and surface crack systems. These data are provided as a Raw Data File under an open end-user license and are available on the DGGS website (http://doi.org/10.14509/31727).
Supplemental_Information:
boundaries:    A boundary, also known as an Area of Interest (AOI) or border, that defines the area covered by the data.	
dsm:    The DSM tiles represent the lava flow surface elevation of the Lost Jim lava flow and immediately adjacent terrain derived from the dense point cloud. They are single-band, 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF files with a horizontal resolution of 0.20 m per pixel and a vertical resolution of 0.20 m.	
footprints:    Footprints for tiled data.	
ortho_rgb:    The orthoimages are four-band (red, green, blue, alpha), eight-bit unsigned GeoTIFF files with a horizontal resolution of 0.10 m per pixel.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Larsen, C.F., Marcucci, E.C., and Herrick, R.R., 2025, Photogrammetry-derived orthoimagery and digital surface model of the central part of the Lost Jim Lava Flow, Imuruk Lake volcanic field, Alaska, collected August 2016: Raw Data File RDF 2025-23, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 4 p.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -163.707189
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -163.343759
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 65.548382
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 65.485948
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: Aug-2016
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a raster data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 3
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -165
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
      False_Easting: 500000.000000
      False_Northing: 0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest .00000001
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest .00000001
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters
      The horizontal datum used is WGS84.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: NAVD88, GEOID12B
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.500000
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    boundaries
    A boundary, also known as an Area of Interest (AOI) or border, that defines the area covered by the data. (Source: DGGS)
    dsm
    The DSM tiles represent the lava flow surface elevation of the Lost Jim lava flow and immediately adjacent terrain derived from the dense point cloud. They are single-band, 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF files with a horizontal resolution of 0.20 m per pixel and a vertical resolution of 0.20 m. (Source: DGGS)
    footprints
    Footprints for tiled data. (Source: DGGS)
    ortho_rgb
    The orthoimages are four-band (red, green, blue, alpha), eight-bit unsigned GeoTIFF files with a horizontal resolution of 0.10 m per pixel. (Source: DGGS)

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    This work was funded by NASA Grant Number NNX13AN13A, Stereo-Derived Topography for the Last Frontier and the Final Frontier. The authors thank Tim Orr of the U.S. Geological Survey for facilitating the publication of this dataset. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute (UAFGI) or the University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the University of Alaska Fairbanks or the University of Arizona.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.

Why was the data set created?

These data products offer high-resolution baseline imagery and elevation models essential for accurately mapping the Lost Jim lava flow and characterizing its emplacement features, including inflated lava structures, lava-rise pits, and surface crack systems. By enabling detailed analysis of these geomorphic patterns, the dataset contributes to a deeper understanding of Arctic volcanism, the processes shaping volcanic landscapes, and the complex interactions between lava flows and permafrost-rich environments under changing climatic conditions.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: Aug-2016 (process 1 of 2)
    Aerial survey - Aerial images were collected from fixed-wing aircraft using a Nikon D800 DSLR and a Zeiss Distagon 25 mm lens. Each raw image was collected in NEF format and post-processed to maximize contrast before conversion to JPG format. Aircraft positions were measured with a Trimble R7 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver recording at 5 Hz. An intervalometer triggered event markers in the GNSS data associated with each camera flash. These coordinates were transformed from the GNSS antenna to the camera image plane using a triple coordinate rotation of the measured lever arm for the aircraft's antenna/camera configuration. By interpolating the camera positions from the 5 Hz GNSS data with the event markers, each image was tagged with a position to approximately 10 cm. Due to logistical limitations, no ground control points were used in the photogrammetric processing.
    Date: 2016 (process 2 of 2)
    Dataset processing - The photogrammetric processing workflow was carried out using Agisoft Metashape Professional software version 1.7.5. After the photos were aligned and the dense clouds were created, DSM and orthoimagery were generated.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Cameron, C.E., 2005, Latitudes and longitudes of volcanoes in Alaska: Raw Data File RDF 2005-3, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Cameron, C.E., and Schaefer, J.R., 2016, Historically active volcanoes of Alaska: Miscellaneous Publication MP 133 v. 2, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 1 sheet
    Cameron, C.E., Crass, S.W., and Staff, AVO, 2022, Geologic Database of Information on Volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA): Digital Data Series DDS 20, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Not applicable
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Horizontal accuracy was not measured for this collection.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Vertical accuracy was not measured for this collection.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This is a full-release dataset. Imagery was collected over the central part of the Lost Jim lava flow, covering the main body of the flow. Results are complete within this area of interest for the date of acquisition.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    The GeoTIFF orthoimagery and DSM data were visually inspected to ensure no gaps or misplacements exist within and between adjacent tiles. Data were validated using commercial GIS software to ensure proper loading.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? RDF 2025-23
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 24-Oct-2025
Metadata author:
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
Attn: Simone Montayne
Metadata Manager
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK
USA

(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:

Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Fri Oct 24 16:43:54 2025