composite-landslide: Maximum inundation extent and flow depth derived from compositing landslide model scenarios 8-13. For each grid point, the pixel value provides the modeled depth of water (in meters) composite-landslide-tectonic: Maximum inundation extent and flow depth derived from compositing all landslide and tectonic scenarios (1-13). max-tectonic-inundation: Maximum inundation extent, wave height above MHHW, and flow depth derived from scenario 4D, which is considered the worst-case geologically credible tectonic tsunami scenario. Scenario 4D is based on a Mw 9.2 Tohoku-type earthquake in the Alaska-Aleutian plate interface. It combines rupture of the 1964 and the YY segments. The extension "D" stands for "doubled" to indicate that this model includes coseismic slip adjustments used to account for underestimation of the tsunami height in numerical modeling of the 2011 Tohoku tsunami. tectonic-inundation-scenario-1d: Inundation extent, wave height above MHHW, and flow depth derived from scenario 1D, a repeat of the 1964 Mw 9.2 Alaska Earthquake. The extension "D" stands for "doubled" to indicate that this model includes coseismic slip adjustments used to account for underestimation of the tsunami height in numerical modeling of the 2011 Tohoku tsunami. tectonic-inundation-scenario-4: Inundation extent, wave height above MHHW, and flow depth derived from scenario 4. Scenario 4 is based on a Mw 9.2 Tohoku-type earthquake in the Alaska-Aleutian plate interface. It combines rupture of the 1964 and the YY segments. time-series-points: To help emergency management personnel assess tsunami hazards, we supplement the inundation maps with the time series plots of the modeled water level and velocity dynamics at some on-land and some offshore locations in the communities. The plots are provided in the appendices of the report. These shapefiles provide the location of each time series point.
Nicolsky, D.J., Suleimani, E.N., Koehler, R.D., and Salisbury, J.B., 2017, Tsunami inundation maps for Juneau, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2017-9, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
This is a vector data set.
Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest .000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest .000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees.
The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System of 1984.
The ellipsoid used is WGS 84.
The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563000025.
Figures A-2 through A-4
Figures A-2 through A-4
This report was funded by Award NA15NWS4670027 by a National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program grant to Alaska Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management and University of Alaska Fairbanks from the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This does not constitute an endorsement by NOAA. Numerical calculations for this work were supported by High Performance Computing (HPC) resources at the Research Computing Systems unit at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks. We are grateful to Kenneth Macpherson for his help with the RTK GPS survey in Juneau. Thoughtful reviews by Finn Lovholt (Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo) and James Beget (University of Alaska Fairbanks) improved the report.
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Results presented here are intended to provide guidance to local emergency management agencies in tsunami inundation assessment, evacuation planning, and public education to mitigate future tsunami hazards.
Newell, J.T., Maurits, S.A., Suleimani, E.N., Koehler, R.D., and Nicolsky, D.J., 2015, Tsunami inundation maps for Alaska communities: Digital Data Series DDS 10, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
Suleimani, E.N., Nicolsky, D.J., and Koehler, R.D., 2013, Tsunami inundation maps of Sitka, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2013-3, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
Suleimani, E.N., Nicolsky, D.J., and Koehler, R.D., 2015, Tsunami inundation maps of Elfin Cove, Gustavus, and Hoonah, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2015-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
Suleimani, E.N., Nicolsky, D.J., and Koehler, R.D., 2016, Tsunami inundation maps for Yakutat, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2016-2, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
The maps showing the results of our modeling have been completed using the best information available and are believed to be accurate, however, their preparation required many assumptions. We described several scenarios and provide an estimate of maximum credible tsunami inundation. Actual conditions during a tsunami event may vary from those considered, so the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The limits of inundation shown should be used only as a guideline for emergency planning and response action. Actual areas inundated will depend on specifics of the earth deformations, on-land construction, and tide level, and they may differ from areas shown on the map. The information on this map is intended to provide a basis for state and local agencies to plan emergency evacuation and tsunami response actions in the event of a major tsunamigenic earthquake. These results are not intended for land-use regulation or building-code development. This DGGS Report of Investigations is a final report of scientific research. Several scientists familiar with the subject matter provided technical reviews. Uncertainties associated with the depiction or interpretation of various features are discussed in the manuscript.
The hydrodynamic model used to calculate propagation and runup of tsunami waves is a nonlinear, flux-formulated, shallow-water model that has passed the validation and verification tests required for models used in the production of tsunami inundation maps. Further details about the limitations of the employed modeling approach are described in earlier reports by Suleimani and others and by Nicolsky and others, as well as in NTHMP (2012) guidelines. The accuracy of the later waves is limited by the accuracies of the bathymetry and coastline that are outside the extent of the high-resolution DEM but still impact the modeling. Finally, we mention that the horizontal resolution of the highest resolution grid that was used for inundation modeling is about 16 m (53 ft). This resolution is high enough to describe major relief features, but small topographic features, buildings, and other facilities cannot be resolved accurately by the existing model. In addition to the uncertainty related to the grid cell elevation/depth, uncertainties in the tsunami source (earthquake and landslide geometry) are the largest sources of error in tsunami modeling efforts. The direction of the incoming waves, their amplitudes, and times of arrival are primarily determined by displacements of the ocean surface in the source area. Therefore, the inundation modeling results for local landslide sources are especially sensitive to the slide volume, its initial position, and acceleration. The modeling process is highly sensitive to errors when the complexity of the source function is combined with its proximity to the coastal zone. Another important source of uncertainty related to the under-prediction of the tsunami observations near Juneau is attributed to the tsunami-tide interactions, but other physical mechanisms could also play a role. For additional information please reference the sources of errors and uncertainties section of the associated manuscript.
The vertical accuracy of the inundation modeling is dependent on the accuracy and resolution of the digital elevation models (DEMs) and tidal datum values that were used to compile the computational grid. We provide additional details about DEM and grid development in the accompanying report. Prior to scenario modeling, bathymetric data were shifted to use Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) as the vertical datum. The depths of inundation shown should be used only as a guideline for emergency planning and response action. Actual inundation water depth will depend on specifics of the earth deformations, on-land construction, and tide level, and they may differ from areas shown by this data. The information is intended to permit state and local agencies to plan emergency evacuation and tsunami response actions in the event of a major tsunamigenic earthquake. These results are not intended for land-use regulation or building-code development. For additional information please reference the sources of errors and uncertainties section of the associated manuscript.
The results of our modeling have been completed using the best information available and are believed to be accurate; however, their preparation required many assumptions and actual conditions during a tsunami event may vary from those considered.
Model validation for this report included comparison of the modeled results to observations that were recorded during historic events.
Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
- Access_Constraints:
- This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
- Use_Constraints:
- This dataset includes results of numerical modeling of earthquake-generated tsunami waves for a specific community. Modeling was completed using the best information and tsunami modeling software available at the time of analysis. They are numerical solutions and, while they are believed to be accurate, their ultimate accuracy during an actual tsunami will depend on the specifics of earth deformations, on-land construction, tide level, and other parameters at the time of the tsunami. Actual areas of inundation may differ from areas shown in this dataset. Landslide tsunami sources may not be included in the modeling due to unknown potential impact of such events on a given community; please refer to accompanying report for more information on tsunami sources used for this study. The limits of inundation shown should only be used as a general guideline for emergency planning and response action in the event of a major tsunamigenic earthquake. These results are not intended for any other use, including land-use regulation or actuarial purposes. Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
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RI 2017-9
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| Data format: | Shapefiles, Raster data |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://doi.org/10.14509/29741> |
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