max-flow-depth: Raster image depicting maximum composite flow depths over dry land. For each grid point, the pixel value provides the modeled depth of water (in meters) over previously dry land, representing the maximum depth value of all calculated tsunami scenarios. max-inundation: Estimated, "maximum credible scenario" inundation line(s) that encompasses the maximum extent of flooding based on model simulation of all credible source scenarios and historical observations. The maximum credible scenario inundation lines are intended to be utilized as a basis for local tsunami hazard planning and development of evacuation maps. mhhw-shoreline: MHHW (Mean Higher High Water) shoreline of the map area. The shoreline position is calculated from the boundary between positive (land) and negative (water) values in the supporting DEM. post-earthquake-shoreline: The post-earthquake shoreline that corresponds to MHHW after modeled coseismic ground changes due to earthquakes. scenarios-adak: Collection of shapefiles that depict the modeled potential maximum inundation by tsunami waves for each modeled scenario. Detailed information about each scenario can be found in the accompanying report. scenarios-atka: Collection of shapefiles that depict the modeled potential maximum inundation by tsunami waves for each modeled scenario. Detailed information about each scenario can be found in the accompanying report.
Suleimani, E.N., Salisbury, J.B., Nicolsky, D.J., and West, M.E., 2019, Tsunami inundation maps for Adak and Atka, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2019-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
This is a vector data set.
Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest .000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest .000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees.
The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System of 1984.
The ellipsoid used is WGS 84.
The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563000025.
This report was funded by Award NA15NWS4670027 by a National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program grant to the Alaska Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management and University of Alaska Fairbanks from the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic at Atmospheric Administration. This does not constitute an endorsement by NOAA. Numerical calculations for this work were supported by High-Performance Computing (HPC) resources at the Research Computing Systems unit at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks. We are grateful to Jonathan Allan and Richard Koehler for their valuable comments and suggestions that helped improve the report.
(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
Results presented here are intended to provide guidance to local emergency management agencies in tsunami inundation assessment, evacuation planning, and public education to mitigate future tsunami hazards.
Nicolsky, D.J., Suleimani, E.N., and Koehler, R.D., 2016, Tsunami inundation map for the village of Nikolski, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2016-7, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
Nicolsky, D.J., Suleimani, E.N., and Koehler, R.D., 2017, Tsunami inundation maps for the city of Sand Point, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2017-3, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
Suleimani, E.N., Nicolsky, D.J., Koehler, R.D., Freymueller, J.T., and Macpherson, A.E., 2016, Tsunami inundation maps for King Cove and Cold Bay communities, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2016-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
Suleimani, E.N., Nicolsky, D.J., Koehler, R.D., and Salisbury, J.B., 2018, Regional tsunami hazard assessment for Andreanof Islands, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2017-2, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
Suleimani, E.N., Salisbury, J.B., Nicolsky, D.J., and Koehler, R.D., 2019, Regional tsunami hazard assessment for Shemya, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2019-4, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
Suleimani, E.N., Salisbury, J.B., Nicolsky, D.J., and Koehler, R.D., 2019, Regional tsunami hazard assessment for False Pass and Perryville, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2019-3, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.Online Links:
The hydrodynamic model used to calculate propagation and runup of tectonic tsunamis is a nonlinear, flux-formulated, shallow-water model and has passed the required tests for official use in producing tsunami inundation maps. Most of the uncertainties in the numerical calculations originate from the tsunamigenic earthquake sources used in the models. Uncertainties in the earthquakes, such as the precise location, magnitude, and slip distribution, are the largest sources of error. The direction, amplitude, and arrival times of incoming waves are determined by the initial ocean surface conditions immediately following the earthquake. Therefore, the modeling results are particularly sensitive to the details of the tsunamigenic earthquake rupture, and when the earthquake occurs close to a community, discrepancies can be exacerbated. Furthermore, our assessment of potential earthquake scenarios is by no means exhaustive but represents the best estimate of the locations and sizes of potential tsunami-generating events. It is possible that other unrecognized earthquake scenarios could present hazards to these communities. This DGGS Report of Investigations is a final report of scientific research. Several scientists familiar with the subject matter provided technical reviews. Uncertainties associated with the depiction or interpretation of various features are discussed in the manuscript.
We use a series of nested computational grids to calculate inundation with a sufficiently high resolution for each community. The bathymetry and topography in each nested grid are based on digital elevation models (DEMs) developed at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The spatial resolution of these high-resolution grids, with about 28 × 27 m (92 × 88 ft) cells, satisfies the NOAA minimum recommended requirements for computation of tsunami inundation. See the accompanying report for more detail and additional information.
The vertical accuracy of the inundation modeling is dependent on the accuracy and resolution of the digital elevation models (DEMs) and tidal datum values that were used to compile the computational grid. We provide additional details about DEM and grid development in the accompanying report. Prior to scenario modeling, bathymetric data were shifted to use Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) as the vertical datum. The depths of inundation shown should be used only as a guideline for emergency planning and response action. Actual inundation water depth will depend on specifics of the earth deformations, on-land construction, and tide level, and they may differ from areas shown by this data. The information is intended to permit state and local agencies to plan emergency evacuation and tsunami response actions in the event of a major tsunamigenic earthquake. These results are not intended for land-use regulation or building-code development. For additional information please reference the sources of errors and uncertainties section of the associated manuscript.
The results of our modeling have been completed using the best information available and are believed to be accurate; however, their preparation required many assumptions and actual conditions during a tsunami event may vary from those considered.
Not applicable
Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
- Access_Constraints:
- This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
- Use_Constraints:
- Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
RI 2019-1
The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount.
| Data format: | Shapefiles, Raster data |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://doi.org/10.14509/30186> |
(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov