Tsunami inundation maps for Akhiok, Chiniak, Old Harbor, Ouzinkie, and Port Lions on Kodiak Island, Alaska

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Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Tsunami inundation maps for Akhiok, Chiniak, Old Harbor, Ouzinkie, and Port Lions on Kodiak Island, Alaska
Abstract:
Report of Investigation 2021-6, Tsunami inundation maps for Akhiok, Chiniak, Old Harbor, Ouzinkie, and Port Lions on Kodiak Island, Alaska, evaluates potential tsunami hazards for the Kodiak Island communities of Akhiok, Chiniak, Old Harbor, Ouzinkie, and Port Lions, Alaska, by numerically modeling the extent of inundation from tsunami waves generated by hypothetical earthquakes. Worst-case inundation scenarios are defined by analyzing the tsunami dynamics related to various plausible earthquake slip distributions along the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust. Potential worst-case tsunami sources include megathrust earthquakes in the Kodiak Island region. A hypothetical earthquake near Kodiak Island with maximum slip distributed at depths between 10 and 20 km (6.2-12.4 mi) with a splay fault dipping 60 degrees in the Albatross fault zone results in 'worst case' tsunami inundation for Akhiok, and an earthquake with maximum slip distributed at depths between 0 and 10 km (0-6.2 mi) with a splay fault dipping 30 degrees in the backstop splay zone is the 'worst case' scenario for the remaining communities. The maximum predicted overland flow depths in the communities ranges from 10 to 25 m (33 to 82 ft), and the currents in community harbors could be as strong as 8.4 m/sec (16.3 knots). Dangerous wave activity is expected to last for at least 12 hours after the hypothetical worst-case earthquakes. Results presented here are intended to provide guidance to local emergency management agencies for tsunami inundation assessment, evacuation planning, and public education to mitigate future tsunami damage. The complete report and digital data are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/30760.
Supplemental_Information:
max-flow-depth:    Raster image depicting maximum composite flow depths over dry land. For each grid point, the pixel value provides the modeled depth of water (in meters) over previously dry land, representing the maximum depth value of all calculated tsunami scenarios.	
max-inundation:    Estimated "maximum credible scenario" inundation lines that encompass the maximum extent of flooding based on model simulation of all credible source scenarios and historical observations. The maximum credible scenario inundation lines are intended to be utilized as a basis for local tsunami hazard planning and the development of evacuation maps.	
scenario-01:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.2 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth	
scenario-02:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 20 km depth	
scenario-03:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth	
scenario-03-ab1:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 45 degrees	
scenario-03-ab2:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 60 degrees	
scenario-03-bs:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth with added splay fault in the backstop zone, dip angle 30 degrees	
scenario-03-ks1:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 45 degrees	
scenario-03-ks2:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 60 degrees	
scenario-04:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth	
scenario-05:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 20 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth	
scenario-06:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth	
scenario-06-ab1:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 45 degrees	
scenario-06-ab2:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 60 degrees	
scenario-06-bs:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth with added splay fault in the backstop zone, dip angle 30 degrees	
scenario-06-ks1:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 45 degrees	
scenario-06-ks2:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 60 degrees	
scenario-07:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake near Kodiak Island with 35 m of maximum slip along most of the rupture	
scenario-08:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture	
scenario-08-ab1:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 45 degrees	
scenario-08-ab2:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 60 degrees	
scenario-08-bs:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture with added splay fault in the backstop zone, dip angle 30 degrees	
scenario-08-ks1:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 45 degrees	
scenario-08-ks2:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 60 degrees	
scenario-09:    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.1 earthquake in the Cascadia subduction zone
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Suleimani, E.N., Salisbury, J.B., and Nicolsky, D.J., 2021, Tsunami inundation maps for Akhiok, Chiniak, Old Harbor, Ouzinkie, and Port Lions on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2021-6, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 73 p., 5 sheets
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -154.272325
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -152.187179
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.934221
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 56.890814
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 2020
    Ending_Date: 2021
    Currentness_Reference:
    publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report, data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a vector data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest .000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest .000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is WGS84.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563000025.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Mean Higher High Water
      Depth_Resolution: .01
      Depth_Distance_Units: meter
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    ri2021-6-max-flow-depth.zip
    Raster image depicting maximum composite flow depths over dry land. For each grid point, the pixel value provides the modeled depth of water (in meters) over previously dry land, representing the maximum depth value of all calculated tsunami scenarios. File format: GeoTIFF (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-max-inundation.zip
    Estimated "maximum credible scenario" inundation lines that encompass the maximum extent of flooding based on model simulation of all credible source scenarios and historical observations. The maximum credible scenario inundation lines are intended to be utilized as a basis for local tsunami hazard planning and the development of evacuation maps. File format: shapefile (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-01.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.2 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-02.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 20 km depth File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-03.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-03-ab1.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 45 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-03-ab2.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 60 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-03-bs.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth with added splay fault in the backstop zone, dip angle 30 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-03-ks1.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 45 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-03-ks2.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10-20 km depth with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 60 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-04.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-05.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 20 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-06.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-06-ab1.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 45 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-06-ab2.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 60 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-06-bs.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth with added splay fault in the backstop zone, dip angle 30 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-06-ks1.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 45 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-06-ks2.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake in the area of Kodiak Island; 10 km depth, slip extending to 0 km depth with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 60 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-07.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.3 earthquake near Kodiak Island with 35 m of maximum slip along most of the rupture File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-08.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-08-ab1.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 45 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-08-ab2.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture with added splay fault in the Albatross Bank zone, dip angle 60 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-08-bs.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture with added splay fault in the backstop zone, dip angle 30 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-08-ks1.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 45 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-08-ks2.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.25 earthquake with 50 m of maximum slip in the shallow part of the rupture with added splay fault in the Kodiak shelf zone, dip angle 60 degrees File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)
    ri2021-6-scenario-09.zip
    Inundation scenario files for Mw 9.1 earthquake in the Cascadia subduction zone File format: GeoTIFF and shapefiles (Source: Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, this report)

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    This report was funded by the U.S. Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program Award NA20NWS4670057 to the Alaska Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. This does not constitute an endorsement by NOAA. Numerical calculations for this work were supported by High Performance Computing (HPC) resources at the Research Computing Systems unit at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks. We thank our reviewers, Roland von Huene and Richard Thomson, for their insightful comments, suggestions and discussions, which helped improve the report.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.

Why was the data set created?

Results presented here are intended to provide guidance to local emergency management agencies in tsunami inundation assessment, evacuation planning, and public education to mitigate future tsunami hazards.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2011 (process 1 of 5)
    Model validation - The numerical model that we used for simulation of tsunami wave propagation and runup was validated through a set of analytical benchmarks and tested against laboratory data. The model solves water equations using a finite-difference method on a staggered grid. See the accompanying report for more detail and additional model information.
    Date: 2020 (process 2 of 5)
    Development of nested grids - To support inundation modeling of coastal areas in Alaska, we used a series of nested telescoping grids, or digital elevation models (DEMs), as input layers for tsunami inundation modeling and mapping. These grids of increasing resolution allowed us to propagate waves generated by various sources. In order to propagate a wave from its source to various coastal locations, we used embedded grids, placing a large, coarse grid in deep water and coupling it with smaller, finer grids in shallow water areas. The extent of each grid used for our tsunami inundation mapping is listed in the accompanying report.
    Date: 2020 (process 3 of 5)
    Numerical simulations of hypothetical tsunami scenarios - We assessed hazard related to tectonic tsunamis in Akhiok, Chiniak, Old Harbor, Ouzinkie, and Port Lions by performing model simulations for each hypothetical source scenario. Numerical results for each scenario include extent of inundation, sea level and velocity time series calculations, tsunami flow depth over land, and the maximum water level above the MHHW tide level offshore and within the potential inundation area. We created raster files of model results. For each grid point, the pixel value provides the modeled depth of water (in meters). See the accompanying report for more detail and additional information.
    Date: 2021 (process 4 of 5)
    Calculation of the potential inundation lines - For each grid cell in the high-resolution DEMs encompassing Akhiok, Chiniak, Old Harbor, Ouzinkie, and Port Lions, we determined whether the cell was inundated by waves or stayed dry throughout the entire simulation. Then, we defined a function such that it is equal to one at the center of each wet cell and is negative one at the center of each dry cell. Using a linear interpolation algorithm in Matlab, we plotted a zero-value contour that delineates dry and wet cells from each other. The resultant contour line (or a collection of lines) was directly exported to the ArcGIS using WGS84 datum.
    Date: 2021 (process 5 of 5)
    Compilation of composite maximum inundation zone, flow depths over land, and water level above the MHHW tide level offshore and within the potential inundation - We interpreted the maximum, geologically credible, worst-case scenario by combining the maximum calculated inundation of all scenarios. See the accompanying report for more detail and additional information.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Suleimani, E.N., Nicolsky, D.J., Koehler, R.D., Freymueller, J.T., and Macpherson, A.E., 2016, Tsunami inundation maps for King Cove and Cold Bay communities, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2016-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 73 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:12,500
    Suleimani, E.N., Nicolsky, D.J., and Koehler, R.D., 2017, Updated tsunami inundation maps of the Kodiak area, Alaska: Report of Investigation RI 2017-8, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 38 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:30,000

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The maps showing the results of our modeling have been completed using the best information available and are believed to be accurate, however, their preparation required many assumptions. We described several scenarios and provide an estimate of maximum credible tsunami inundation. Actual conditions during a tsunami event may vary from those considered, so the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The limits of inundation shown should be used only as a guideline for emergency planning and response action. Actual areas inundated will depend on specifics of the earth deformations, on-land construction, and tide level, and they may differ from areas shown on the map. The information on this map is intended to provide a basis for state and local agencies to plan emergency evacuation and tsunami response actions in the event of a major tsunamigenic earthquake. These results are not intended for land-use regulation or building-code development. This DGGS Report of Investigations is a final report of scientific research. Several scientists familiar with the subject matter provided technical reviews. Uncertainties associated with the depiction or interpretation of various features are discussed in the manuscript.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The hydrodynamic model used to calculate propagation and runup of tsunami waves is a nonlinear, flux-formulated, shallow-water model that has passed the validation and verification tests required for models used in production of tsunami inundation maps. The uncertainties in tsunami modeling include bottom friction, presence or absence of buildings and vegetation in DEMs, the time delay between the observed and computed tsunami arrivals discussed above, the lack of horizontal deformation in the displacement models, and assumption of instantaneous displacement. The tsunami scenarios that we calculate in this report are considered to be sufficient to capture the worst-case tsunami event, but there are still an infinite number of possible slip distributions. Further details about the limitations of the employed modeling approach are described in earlier reports by Suleimani and others and Nicolsky and others, as well as in National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program guidelines. The accuracy of the later waves is limited by the accuracies of the bathymetry and coastline that are outside the extent of the high-resolution DEM but still impact the modeling. See accompanying report for more detail.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The vertical accuracy of the inundation modeling is dependent on the accuracy and resolution of the digital elevation models (DEMs) and tidal datum values that were used to compile the computational grid. We provide additional details about DEM and grid development in the accompanying report. Prior to scenario modeling, bathymetric data were shifted to use Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) as the vertical datum. The depths of inundation shown should be used only as a guideline for emergency planning and response action. Actual inundation water depth will depend on specifics of the earth deformations, on-land construction, and tide level, and they may differ from areas shown by this data. The information is intended to permit state and local agencies to plan emergency evacuation and tsunami response actions in the event of a major tsunamigenic earthquake. These results are not intended for land-use regulation or building-code development. For additional information please reference the sources of errors and uncertainties section of the associated manuscript.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    The results of our modeling have been completed using the best information available and are believed to be accurate; however, their preparation required many assumptions and actual conditions during a tsunami event may vary from those considered.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Not applicable

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
This dataset includes results of numerical modeling of earthquake-generated tsunami waves for a specific community. Modeling was completed using the best information and tsunami modeling software available at the time of analysis. They are numerical solutions and, while they are believed to be accurate, their ultimate accuracy during an actual tsunami will depend on the specifics of earth deformations, on-land construction, tide level, and other parameters at the time of the tsunami. Actual areas of inundation may differ from areas shown in this dataset. Landslide tsunami sources may not be included in the modeling due to unknown potential impact of such events on a given community; please refer to accompanying report for more information on tsunami sources used for this study. The limits of inundation shown should only be used as a general guideline for emergency planning and response action in the event of a major tsunamigenic earthquake. These results are not intended for any other use, including land-use regulation or actuarial purposes. Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? RI 2021-6
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 30-Nov-2021
Metadata author:
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
Attn: Simone Montayne
Metadata Manager
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK
USA

(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:

Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Mon Nov 29 19:37:10 2021