Erosion exposure assessment of infrastructure in Alaska coastal communities

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Erosion exposure assessment of infrastructure in Alaska coastal communities
Abstract:
DGGS Report of Investigation 2021-3, Erosion exposure assessment of infrastructure in Alaska coastal communities, provides estimated erosion exposure for 48 communities from the Bering to the Beaufort seas. The Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys conducted a shoreline change assessment to forecast 20-, 40-, and 60-year erosion estimates using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS; Himmelstoss and others, 2018), and estimated the replacement cost of infrastructure in the forecast area. The geodatabase includes mean erosion forecasts and maximum uncertainties for 38 communities along with infrastructure locations and classification derived from Alaska Division of Community & Regional Affairs digital mapping products (DCRA, 2021) for 44 communities. All files are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/30672
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Buzard, R.M., Turner, M.M., Miller, K.Y., Antrobus, D.C., and Overbeck, J.R., 2021, Erosion exposure assessment of infrastructure in Alaska coastal communities: Report of Investigation RI 2021-3, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Survey, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 29 p.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.696623
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.434812
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.774219
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 56.537643
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 2015
    Ending_Date: 2022
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: geodatabase
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      The map projection used is Alaska Albers.
      Projection parameters:
      Standard_Parallel: 55.0
      Standard_Parallel: 65.0
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -154.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 50.0
      False_Easting: 0
      False_Northing: 0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.0000000030536018158500163
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.0000000030536018158500163
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      The horizontal datum used is NAD83 (2011).
      The ellipsoid used is GRS 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Erosion_Forecasts
    Calculated mean erosion forecast at a linear pace for 20, 40, and 60 years from the most recent shoreline. (Source: DGGS)
    Community
    Name of nearest community or named location. (Source: DGGS) Named geographic locations in Alaska.
    YearStart
    The year the forecast range begins. (Source: DGGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2015
    Maximum:2019
    YearEnd
    The year the forecast range ends. (Source: DGGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2035
    Maximum:2079
    Forecast_Uncertainties
    Calculated maximum 60-year erosion forecast within a 90 percent confidence interval. (Source: DGGS)
    Community
    Name of nearest community or named location. (Source: DGGS) Named geographic locations in Alaska.
    YearStart
    The year the forecast range begins. (Source: DGGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2015
    Maximum:2019
    YearEnd
    The year the forecast range ends. (Source: DGGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2035
    Maximum:2079
    Infrastructure
    Imported infrastructure features from DCRA community profile maps, updated, where applicable and feasible, using current orthorectified aerial imagery. (Source: DGGS and Alaska Division of Community & Regional Affairs (DCRA))
    Community
    Name of nearest community or named location. (Source: DGGS) Named geographic locations in Alaska.
    Infr_Type
    Specific infrastructure type. (Source: DGGS and DCRA) Infrastructure types identified in DCRA community profile maps. Where different naming was applied to similar infrastructure types, DGGS merged these labels for clarity.
    Infr_Group
    General infrastructure category used for symbology grouping. (Source: DGGS and DCRA) Grouped infrastructure types identified in DCRA community profile maps. DGGS grouped infrastructure categorically for symbology.
    Source
    Source of imported or digitized data. (Source: DGGS and DCRA) The identified source of data as noted by DCRA or DGGS.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    This work was funded by the Denali Commission Village Infrastructure Protection Program through the project "Systematic approach to assessing the vulnerability of Alaska's coastal infrastructure to erosion." We gratefully thank Dr. Nicole Kinsman of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Dr. Craig Tweedie of the University of Texas at El Paso for their thorough peer reviews of this report.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.

Why was the data set created?

Alaska communities located along coastlines and tidally influenced rivers are vulnerable to coastal erosion. These communities face advanced planning decisions, such as implementing shore protection or moving infrastructure. This work aims to provide quantitative erosion exposure data to Alaskans that can be combined with local knowledge and evidence for developing hazard mitigation plans and strategies to address erosion.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Boak, E.H. and Turner, I.L., 2005 (source 1 of 4)
    Boak, E.H., and Turner, I.L., 2005, Shoreline definition and detection - A review: Journal of Coastal Research v. 21, no. 4, Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Coconut Creek, Florida.

    Type_of_Source_Media: paper
    Source_Contribution: historical shoreline compilation
    DCRA, 2021 (source 2 of 4)
    DCRA, 2021, DCRA community profile maps: Alaska Division of Community & Regional Affairs, Anchorage, Alaska.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: webmap
    Source_Contribution: DCRA community profile maps
    Himmelstoss, E.A. and others, 2018 (source 3 of 4)
    Himmelstoss, E.A., Farris, A.S., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., Ergul, Ayhan, Zhang, Ouya, Zichichi, J.L., and Thieler, E.R., 2018, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Version 5.0 User Guide: Open-File Report OF 2018-1179, U.S. Geological Survey, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 110 p
    Type_of_Source_Media: ArcGIS extension
    Source_Contribution: Projected shoreline positions
    Overbeck, J.R. and others, 2020 (source 4 of 4)
    Overbeck, J.R., Buzard, R.M., Turner, M.M., Miller, K.Y., and Glenn, R.J., 2020, Shoreline change at Alaska coastal communities: Report of Investigation RI 2020-10, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 29 p., 47 sheets
    Type_of_Source_Media: data
    Source_Contribution: historical shoreline compilation
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2020 (process 1 of 3)
    Historical shoreline compilation - Shoreline positions were compiled from previously published U.S. Geological Survey assessments and delineated from orthorectified historical and modern aerial imagery. Data sources used in this process:
    • Boak, E.H. and Turner, I.L., 2005
    • Overbeck, J.R. and others, 2020
    Date: 2020 (process 2 of 3)
    Projected shoreline positions - Shoreline change was measured at 25-meter alongshore transects that are cast orthogonal to shorelines from an offshore baseline. At each transect, DSAS marks the shoreline intersection position and measures the distance between shorelines through time to compute statistical rates of change. Data sources used in this process:
    • Himmelstoss, E.A. and others, 2018
    Date: 2021 (process 3 of 3)
    DCRA community profile maps - Infrastructure data were converted from AutoCAD DWG format to Esri ArcGIS feature class format. Data sources used in this process:
    • DCRA, 2021
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Buzard, R.M., Overbeck, J.R., Chriest, Jonathan, Endres, K.L., and Plumb, E.W., 2021, Coastal flood impact assessments for Alaska communities: Report of Investigation RI 2021-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Survey, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 16 p
    Overbeck, J.R., Buzard, R.M., Turner, M.M., Miller, K.Y., and Glenn, R.J., 2020, Shoreline change at Alaska coastal communities: Report of Investigation RI 2020-10, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Survey, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 29 p., 47 sheets

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    DGGS staff have performed a visual qualitative assessment of each shoreline file to ensure consistency between digitized lines and originating images. The accompanying report provides additional information about the procedures used to determine uncertainty values for shoreline positions and shoreline change statistics.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Erosion forecasts require a clearly identifiable shoreline that can be tracked through time in aerial imagery, as well as no major coastal protection structures in the forecast area. Shoreline positions are a representation of a linear shoreline feature at a given point in time. These data were visually interpreted from historical and current orthorectified aerial imagery and delineated in ArcGIS. Several factors have the potential to introduce positional uncertainty in the measured or interpreted results. These factors include horizontal uncertainty of the source imagery or ground control and the orthorectified image, spatial uncertainty associated with the imagery's spatial resolution, and uncertainty due to shoreline indicator interpretation during the digitization process. The accompanying report provides additional information about the procedures used to determine uncertainty values for shoreline positions.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This data release is complete. We suggest the methods of this study - improved to include more communities and assets - be repeated within 10 years.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Not applicable

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? RI 2021-3
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 27-May-2022
Metadata author:
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
Attn: Simone Montayne
Metadata Manager
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK
USA

(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Fri May 27 13:36:12 2022