Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicolsky, D.J. Originator: Suleimani, E.N. Originator: Seitz, S.S. Originator: Montayne, Simone Originator: Salisbury, J.B. Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Catalog of source data for tsunami inundation modeling in Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data Series_Information: Series_Name: Digital Data Series Issue_Identification: DDS 21 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30953 Description: Abstract: Catalog of source data for tsunami inundation modeling in Alaska, Digital Data Series 21, provides tsunami source models developed for tsunami hazard assessments of at-risk coastal communities throughout Alaska. Tsunami sources include great (M8 or more) earthquakes in Alaska and around the Pacific Ocean Basin, as well as submarine and subaerial landslides, and include slip distributions and seafloor deformations and landslide volumes, respectively, as georeferenced TIFF files. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys and the University of Alaska, Alaska Earthquake Center staff initiated the tsunami hazard assessment program in the late 1990s as a component of the NOAA/NWS-funded National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP). This resource and supporting data repository provide a comprehensive, public-facing, searchable catalog of all tsunami sources used in decades of Alaska tsunami hazard studies to promote transparency, facilitate scientific reproducibility, and satisfy NTHMP archival requirements. Seismic and non-seismic digital tsunami sources from future hazard studies will be appended to this database as appropriate. The files are and indexed by the community names and the publications in which they are utilized. Please see the linked accompanying reports for a more detailed description of the development and use of individual tsunami source models. This data collection is released with an open end-user license. All files can be downloaded from the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys website (http://doi.org/10.14509/30953). Purpose: The compilation of co-seismic slip distributions for hypothetical earthquakes, along with corresponding maps depicting regional uplift/subsidence, serves as input for numerical models addressing tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation in specific target communities. Certain communities face potential threats from tsunamigenic landslides, where the initial thickness of these hypothetical landslides is also considered. Supplemental_Information: >source_model: Raster data file(s) that provide the geometry and location parameters used to calculate the location of the maximum innundation line and water depth of each tsunamigenic scenario. In some cases, the data package will include shapefiles or other additional supporting data. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1999 Ending_Date: 2024 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.000000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.000000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.392029 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 51.217293 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: Active Fault Theme_Keyword: Alaska Earthquake 1964 Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Coastal Theme_Keyword: Coastal and River Theme_Keyword: DGGS Theme_Keyword: Debris Avalanche Theme_Keyword: Debris Flow Theme_Keyword: Earthquake Theme_Keyword: Earthquake Related Slope Failure Theme_Keyword: Emergency Preparedness Theme_Keyword: Engineering Theme_Keyword: Engineering Geology Theme_Keyword: Environmental Theme_Keyword: Fault Displacement Theme_Keyword: Faulting Theme_Keyword: Faults Theme_Keyword: Flood Theme_Keyword: Geologic Theme_Keyword: Geologic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Geological Process Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Geomorphology Theme_Keyword: Geotechnical Theme_Keyword: Hazards Theme_Keyword: Inundation Theme_Keyword: Land Subsidence Theme_Keyword: Landslide Theme_Keyword: Landslide Susceptibility Theme_Keyword: Marine Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology Theme_Keyword: Modeling Theme_Keyword: Neotectonics Theme_Keyword: Outreach Theme_Keyword: Raster Image Theme_Keyword: Regional Theme_Keyword: Rock Avalanche Theme_Keyword: Rockfall Theme_Keyword: Sediment Theme_Keyword: Sedimentation Theme_Keyword: Seismic Gap Theme_Keyword: Seismic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Seismic Interpretation Theme_Keyword: Seismology Theme_Keyword: Slides Theme_Keyword: Slope Theme_Keyword: Slope Instability Theme_Keyword: Slump Theme_Keyword: Subduction Theme_Keyword: Subsidence Theme_Keyword: Subsurface Theme_Keyword: Surface Theme_Keyword: Surface Fault Rupture Theme_Keyword: Surficial Theme_Keyword: Surficial Geology Theme_Keyword: Tectonics Theme_Keyword: Tides Theme_Keyword: Topography Theme_Keyword: Tsunami Theme_Keyword: Uplift Theme_Keyword: Water Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Alaska Peninsula Place_Keyword: Alaska, State of Place_Keyword: Aleutian Islands Place_Keyword: Gulf of Alaska Place_Keyword: Southcentral Alaska Place_Keyword: Southeast Alaska Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: Walker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A, and Babcock, L.E., comp., 2012, Geologic Time Scale v. 4.0: Geological Society of America Temporal_Keyword: Holocene Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: GIS Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Rd City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggsgis@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Data_Set_Credit: Several awards from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service Office (NOAA/NWS) through the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program to the Alaska Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, funded the generation of these data. This acknowledgment does not imply an endorsement by NOAA/NWS. Numerical calculations for this work were supported by High-Performance Computing resources at the Research Computing Systems unit at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Multiple authors contributed to the development of the tsunami sources over the lifespan of the project; detailed information is provided in the originating tsunami modeling reports. See the accompanying reports for specific contributions and authorship. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Larsen, M.C. Originator: Nicolazzo, J.A. Originator: Athey, J.E. Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Landslide hazards in Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Information Circular Issue_Identification: IC 96 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 2 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31100 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Salisbury, J.B. Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Earthquakes in Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Information Circular Issue_Identification: IC 73 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 2 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30097 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Salisbury, J.B. Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Living with earthquakes in Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Information Circular Issue_Identification: IC 77 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 2 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30144 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Salisbury, J.B. Originator: Strait, S.H. Originator: Ruppert, Natalia Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Earthquake early warning system for Alaska: fact sheet Series_Information: Series_Name: Information Circular Issue_Identification: IC 88 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 2 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30454 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Salisbury, J.B. Originator: Suleimani, E.N. Originator: Nicolsky, D.J. Originator: West, M.E. Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Tsunami hazards: Frequently asked questions Series_Information: Series_Name: Information Circular Issue_Identification: IC 91 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 2 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30581 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Salisbury, J.B. Originator: Janssen, K.A. Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Tsunamis in Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Information Circular Issue_Identification: IC 85 v. 2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 2 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30849 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Stevens, D.S.P. Originator: Wolken, G.J. Originator: Hubbard, T.D. Originator: Hendricks, K.A. Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Landslides in Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Information Circular Issue_Identification: IC 65 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 2 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29849 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The largest uncertainty in modeling inundation due to the tectonic tsunami is associated with the prescription of co-seismic slip distribution. True slip depends on the geometry for the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust and other crustal faults used in the models. We used a variety of megathrust geometries, as updates became available over the lifespan of the project through our partners at the United States Geological Survey (USGS); detailed information on the megathrust geometry or crustal fault is given in the related tsunami modeling report. Hypothetical landslides are thought to occur in the river or creek deltas where unconsolidated material is accumulated. The initial thickness of the landslide sources is compared to similar historical events to ensure a realistic volume of the mass failure. Landslide volumes estimates are based on paleo-slides that are identifiable in bathymetry or otherwise best estimates given the local conditions. Detailed info about DEM and input sources are provided in the related tsunami modeling report. Logical_Consistency_Report: The results we generate with numerical models are dependent on the resolution of input datasets (i.e. fault geometries) and topographic and bathymetric data used in computations. Therefore, the known and unknown uncertainty parameters related to each model will be unique. Completeness_Report: DGGS anticipates ongoing development of additional seismic and non-seismic digital tsunami sources from future hazard studies will be appended to this database. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The accuracy is prescribed through the plate interface and fault geometries as well as locations of previous landslides or areas with modern submarine sediment accumulation. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Throughout the project, we use WGS84 geoid to specify coordinates of the co-seismic slip and ground surface deformation. The initial landslide thickness is related to the current digital elevation model (DEM) used for modeling tsunami propagation and runup; detailed information about the DEM is provided in the associated tsunami modeling report. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Earthquake sources - We generate geologically plausible hypothetical co-seismic slip distributions that produce maximum-considered (i.e., worst-case) tsunami inundation in target communities. We constrain these earthquake scenarios based on the current, collective body of knowledge about subduction zone geometry and dynamics using geodetic, geologic, and paleoseismic data in the appropriate regional setting. We also utilize a broader understanding of subduction zone behavior from the global scientific community. The considered co-seismic slip distribution is prescribed on the subducting plate interface or along the hypothetical crustal faults in the area, see details in the corresponding modeling report for details of the interface geometry. Numerical calculations of the co-seismic deformation are conducted with the MATLAB or FORTRAN software package using the Okada solution, derived from a Green's function solution to the elastic half-space problem. Process_Date: 2024 Process_Step: Process_Description: Landslide sources - We generate landslide tsunami sources based on historical data or by identifying signatures of submarine slides in modern bathymetric data near our target communities. The initial landslide volume and thickness profiles are computed in MATLAB. Process_Date: 2024 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: raster Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: .00001 Longitude_Resolution: .01111 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: NAVD88; Geoid12A; EPOCH 2010.00 Altitude_Resolution: 6.2 Altitude_Distance_Units: centimeters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Source model Entity_Type_Definition: Raster data file(s) that provide the geometry and location parameters used to calculate the location of the maximum innundation line and water depth of each tsunamigenic scenario. In some cases, the data package will include shapefiles or other additional supporting data. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Models are selected by UAF Alaska Earthquake Center staff and source citations for each model are provided in the tsunami inundation reports that utilize the model. Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: source_model Attribute: Attribute_Label: Publication Attribute_Definition: DGGS publication number Attribute_Definition_Source: DGGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: free text Attribute: Attribute_Label: Community Name Attribute_Definition: Name of the community Attribute_Definition_Source: GNIS placenames Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: free text Attribute: Attribute_Label: Scenario Number Model Name Attribute_Definition: Scenario number in the applicable report Attribute_Definition_Source: Applicable report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: free text Attribute: Attribute_Label: Case ID Attribute_Definition: Arctic Region Supercomputing Center or Geophysical Institute Research Computing Systems case identification number Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska Fairbanks Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: free text Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 907-451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (http://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Resource_Description: DDS 21 Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties of merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the electronic services or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity, whether from the use of the electronic services or products, any failure thereof, or otherwise, and in no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount. Fees: see http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30953 Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: database Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30953 Fees: Free download Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240227 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Simone Montayne Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Use_Constraints: If the user has modified this metadata file in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent this metadata file, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions