Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Horen, K.C. Originator: Nieminski, N.M. Originator: DGGS Staff Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Alaska Coastal Profile Tool (ACPT) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data Series_Information: Series_Name: Digital Data Series Issue_Identification: DDS 7 v.2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 3 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31747 Description: Abstract: Alaska Coastal Profile Tool (ACPT), Digital Data Series 7 v.2, provides shoreface elevation measurements collected by various stakeholders since the 1960s; many of which are unpublished or inaccessible. Since May 30, 1975, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) staff and others have compiled statewide elevation profiles to preserve historical coastal data, establish a centralized repository for future datasets, and support consistent, accurate, and repeatable observations along existing profiles. These shore-normal measurements are especially valuable when sites are revisited seasonally or interannually, helping to document change and assess vulnerability in Alaska's dynamic coastal environments. The database accommodates diverse data collection methods, including differential leveling, survey-grade global positioning system (GPS), and digital elevation model extraction. It incorporates contributions from community-led efforts and state, federal, and academic partners. For this version 2 release, DGGS integrated previously stored data with post-update acquisitions and reprocessed the data to improve the reliability of comparative analyses and the precision of future datasets. The database will be updated as new data become available, ensuring that derived products evolve. Its open-access design encourages broad participation in community-based coastal monitoring and fosters a deeper understanding of shoreline change across the state. All files can be downloaded from the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys website (http://doi.org/10.14509/31747). Purpose: The Alaska coastal profile database preserves and centralizes shoreline elevation measurements to document coastal change and assess climate-related vulnerability. Its purpose is to provide Alaska communities with consistent, accurate, and repeatable observations that support monitoring and decision-making in dynamic coastal environments. Supplemental_Information: >alaska coastal profile tool: The Alaska coastal profile tool is an open‑access repository of shoreline elevation measurements collected across Alaska since the 1960s. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1960 Ending_Date: 2025 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -171.790705 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -138.486856 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.348288 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 55.276746 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: Arctic Coast Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Beach Deposits Theme_Keyword: Channel Theme_Keyword: Climate Theme_Keyword: Climate Change Theme_Keyword: Coastal Theme_Keyword: Coastal and River Theme_Keyword: Coastal Erosion Theme_Keyword: Coastal Plain Theme_Keyword: Database Theme_Keyword: DGGS Theme_Keyword: Drainage Patterns Theme_Keyword: Elevation Theme_Keyword: Emergency Preparedness Theme_Keyword: Engineering Theme_Keyword: Engineering Geology Theme_Keyword: Environment Theme_Keyword: Environmental Theme_Keyword: Erosion Theme_Keyword: Flood Theme_Keyword: Floodplain Theme_Keyword: Geologic Theme_Keyword: Geologic Communications Theme_Keyword: Geologic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Geological Process Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Geomorphology Theme_Keyword: Geotechnical Theme_Keyword: GIS Theme_Keyword: Hazards Theme_Keyword: Image Interpretation Theme_Keyword: Inundation Theme_Keyword: Marine Theme_Keyword: Methods Theme_Keyword: Mitigation Strategies Theme_Keyword: Repeat Data Collection Theme_Keyword: Sea Level Changes Theme_Keyword: Sea Level Rise Theme_Keyword: Sediment Transport Theme_Keyword: Sedimentation Theme_Keyword: Shelf Theme_Keyword: Shoreface Theme_Keyword: Storm Deposits Theme_Keyword: Storm Surge Theme_Keyword: Surface Theme_Keyword: Surface Water Theme_Keyword: Surficial Theme_Keyword: Surficial Geology Theme_Keyword: Tides Theme_Keyword: Unconsolidated Deposits Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Alaska Place_Keyword: Bristol Bay Place_Keyword: Chignik Lagoon Place_Keyword: Dillingham Place_Keyword: Ekuk Place_Keyword: Gambell Place_Keyword: Golovin Place_Keyword: Goodnews Bay Place_Keyword: Gulf of Alaska Place_Keyword: Seward Peninsula Place_Keyword: Southwest Alaska Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: Walker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A, and Babcock, L.E., comp., 2012, Geologic Time Scale v. 4.0: Geological Society of America Temporal_Keyword: Holocene Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: GIS Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Rd City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggsgis@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Data_Set_Credit: This work was made possible with U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal Marine Hazards Resource Program funding through an Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center funding opportunity. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted to represent the opinions or policies of the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, the U.S. Geological Survey, or the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, the U.S. Geological Survey, or the U.S. Government. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Buzard, R.M. Originator: Overbeck, J.R. Originator: Maio, C.V. Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Community-based methods for monitoring coastal erosion Series_Information: Series_Name: Information Circular Issue_Identification: IC 84 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 35 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30182 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Buzard, R.M. Originator: Overbeck, J.R. Originator: Chriest, Jonathan Originator: Endres, K.L. Originator: Plumb, E.W. Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Coastal flood impact assessments for Alaska communities Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2021-1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 16 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30573 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Buzard, R.M. Originator: Turner, M.M. Originator: Miller, K.Y. Originator: Antrobus, D.C. Originator: Overbeck, J.R. Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Erosion exposure assessment of infrastructure in Alaska coastal communities Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2021-3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 29 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30672 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: DGGS Staff Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Alaska Shoreline Change Tool Series_Information: Series_Name: Digital Data Series Issue_Identification: DDS 9 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29504 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gould, A.I. Originator: Kinsman, N.E.M. Originator: Hendricks, M.D. Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Guide to projected shoreline positions in the Alaska shoreline change tool Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 158 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 11 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29503 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Horen, K.C. Originator: Poisson, A.C. Originator: Christian, J.E. Originator: Nieminski, N.M. Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Methods for evaluating coastal flood impacts in Alaska communities Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 177 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 13 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31279 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Overbeck, J.R. Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Storm water level feature extraction from digital elevation models using intra-storm photographs Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2017-6 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 10 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29730 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Overbeck, J.R. Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Coastal flooding & erosion in Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Information Circular Issue_Identification: IC 68 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 2 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30057 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Overbeck, J.R. Originator: Buzard, R.M. Originator: Turner, M.M. Originator: Miller, K.Y. Originator: Glenn, R.J. Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Shoreline change at Alaska coastal communities Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2020-10 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 29 p., 47 sheets Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30552 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Overbeck, J.R. Originator: Kennedy, Katrina Originator: Heim, Rebecca Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Color-indexed elevation maps for flood-vulnerable coastal communities in western Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 154 v. 2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 23 p., 36 sheets Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29719 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Smith, J.R. Originator: Gray, Glenn Originator: Kinsman, N.E.M. Publication_Date: 2012 Title: Annotated bibliography series in support of coastal community hazard planning - northwest Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Publication Issue_Identification: MP 147 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 5 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/24084 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The accuracy of observations may vary by collection method and/or source. DGGS staff performed visual qualitative assessments of all data to ensure reasonableness and, where possible, quantitative comparisons. Horizontal and vertical accuracy are included as attributes of individual points in the Profile Points feature class. Logical_Consistency_Report: Gaps in profile data exist when DGPS points fail to post-process. This is generally due to receiver malfunctions or fewer observed satellites. When viewing profile elevation data, these gaps typically appear as unsampled sections. Older data, especially DGPS acquisitions, are generally less precise in adherence to individual profile geometry because these surveys were typically performed without the aid of defined profile transects to stake out. Newer data (typically post-2020) are more consistent with the profile geometry to which they are related. However, moderate imprecision remains possible, even with the aid of a defined profile transect. Completeness_Report: For this version 2 release, DGGS integrated previously stored data with post-update acquisitions and reprocessed the data to improve the reliability of comparative analyses and the precision of future datasets. The database will be updated as new data become available, ensuring that derived products evolve. Its open-access design encourages broad participation in community-based coastal monitoring and fosters a deeper understanding of shoreline change across the state. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal point location accuracy is highly dependent on the data-collection method. For DGPS data, horizontal accuracies are reported as the Root Mean Square (RMS) error of the post-processed positions (typically less than 10cm). For DEM-derived profile elevation data, the horizontal positional accuracy depends on the point data's ground spacing. For elevation profiles obtained with various types of differential leveling techniques, the geographic accuracy of the entire profile location (approximately 10 cm to 1 km) is much poorer than the relative horizontal accuracy of the individual elevation points along each profile. Every effort has been made to infer appropriate horizontal accuracy for these varying methodologies based on all available information associated with the original data set. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Vertical point location accuracy is highly dependent on the data-collection method. For DGPS data, vertical accuracies are reported as the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) error of the post-processed positions (typically less than 10 cm). For DEM-derived profile elevation data, vertical positional accuracy depends on the reported vertical accuracy of the underlying data source. For elevation profiles obtained with various types of differential leveling techniques, the vertical accuracy of the entire profile location (approximately 10 cm to 1 m) is much poorer than the relative horizontal accuracy of the individual elevation points along each profile. Every effort has been made to infer appropriate vertical accuracies for these varying methodologies based on all available information associated with the original data set. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Geodatabase deployment - DGGS staff, in cooperation with the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS), initiated the Alaska coastal profile database in 2014. The database was a universal repository of coastal elevation profiles compiled from original, published, and unpublished measurements across Alaska's coastal zone. Field data were collected with survey‑grade GPS using differential and real‑time kinematic methods, supplemented by digital elevation model extractions and manually added field information in ArcGIS. All positional information was transformed into the WGS84 datum, visually checked for consistency, and organized for interactive online mapping. Designed to accommodate diverse collection techniques, the database provided an accessible map interface that enabled easy access to existing profiles, promoted partner and community involvement in coastal monitoring, and was periodically updated as new data became available. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Step: Process_Description: Version update - For the version 2 update, DGGS staff redesigned the Alaska coastal profile database in 2025. The update incorporated data from the existing repository along with new measurements collected since the previous release. DGGS reprocessed the combined datasets to improve accuracy, organized observations by collocation to group measurements across time, and applied statistical methods to define consistent profiles. For each profile, DGGS calculated the centroid, performed principal component analysis to determine the primary axis, and normalized coordinates relative to the centroid. A covariance matrix was constructed, eigendecomposition identified major and minor axes, and the farthest observations were used to establish profile origins and directions. Linear distances were then calculated along the primary axis, producing computed profiles that reconciled past lower‑precision data and provided a framework to enhance the precision of future collections. Process_Date: 2025 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS84 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: alaska coastal profile tool Entity_Type_Definition: The Alaska coastal profile tool is an open‑access repository of shoreline elevation measurements collected across Alaska since the 1960s. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: DGGS Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: alaska coastal profile tool Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 907-451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (http://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Resource_Description: DDS 7 v.2 Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties of merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the electronic services or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity, whether from the use of the electronic services or products, any failure thereof, or otherwise, and in no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount. Fees: see http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/31747 Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: database Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/31747 Fees: Free download Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20251215 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Simone Montayne Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Use_Constraints: If the user has modified this metadata file in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent this metadata file, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions