Digital elevation model of Sitka Harbor and the city of Sitka, Alaska: Procedures, data sources, and quality assessment

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Frequently-anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Digital elevation model of Sitka Harbor and the city of Sitka, Alaska: Procedures, data sources, and quality assessment
Abstract:
The 0.53-second Sitka Alaska Digital Elevation Model provides bathymetric and topographic data in ASCII raster format of 0.53-second resolution in geographic coordinates.
Supplemental_Information:
This metadata file provides a general overview of the DEM parameters and methodology used to create it. See the accompanying text report for more information. The DGGS metadata standard extends the FGDC standard to include elements that are required to facilitate our internal data management. These elements, referred to as "layers," group and describe files that have intrinsic logical or topological relationships. Attribute information for the layers (entity) is included in this metadata file under the "Entity_and_Attribute_Information" section. The layers are titled: >sitka-dem: bathymetric and topographic data in ASCII raster format >border: outline shape of the study area
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Hickman, P.J., Suleimani, E.N., and Nicolsky, D.J., 2012, Digital elevation model of Sitka Harbor and the city of Sitka, Alaska: Procedures, data sources, and quality assessment: Miscellaneous Publication MP 144, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 38 p.

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -135.520074
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -135.210000
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.150000
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.019926

  3. What does it look like?

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Calendar_Date: 2011
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document, raster digital data

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a raster data set.

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System of 1984.
      The ellipsoid used is World Geodetic System 1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Mean higher high water
      Depth_Resolution: 1.0
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: Mean higher high water
      Altitude_Resolution: 1.0
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    mp-144-sitka-dem
    bathymetric and topographic data in ASCII raster format (Source: Alaska Earthquake Information Center)

    mp144-border
    shapefile outline of the study area (Source: Alaska Earthquake Information Center)


Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

    This grid was developed through funding from the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program.

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    c/o James Weakland
    GIS Analyst
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
    USA

    (907)451-5029 (voice)
    dggsgis@alaska.gov

    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays


Why was the data set created?

This grid was constructed for use in tsunami inundation modeling.


How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 2003 (source 1 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 2003, NOS multibeam hydrographic survey H11117: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 10000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20060824 (source 2 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20060824, NOS multibeam hydrographic survey H11118: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 10000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20061024 (source 3 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20061024, NOS multibeam hydrographic survey H11119: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 10000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20061005 (source 4 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20061005, NOS multibeam hydrographic survey H11120: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 10000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20070103 (source 5 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20070103, NOS multibeam hydrographic survey H11121: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 5000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20090416 (source 6 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20090416, NOS multibeam hydrographic survey H11122: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 10000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20070906 (source 7 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20070906, NOS BAG multibeam hydrographic survey H11123: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 10000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20080331 (source 8 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20080331, NOS BAG multibeam hydrographic survey H11124: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 10000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20060503 (source 9 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20060503, NOS BAG multibeam hydrographic survey H11130: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 10000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20090429 (source 10 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20090429, NOS BAG multibeam hydrographic survey H11271: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 10000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20070212 (source 11 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20070212, NOS multibeam hydrographic survey H11354: NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 10000
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data-points

    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2001 (source 12 of 20)
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2001, Western Channel Hydrographic Survey for Sitka: USACE Alaska District, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: ftp
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data values

    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2005a (source 13 of 20)
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2005, Crescent Harbor Hydrographic Survey for Sitka: USACE Alaska District, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: ftp
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data values

    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2005b (source 14 of 20)
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2005, Channel Rock Breakwaters Hydrographic Survey for Sitka: USACE Alaska District, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: ftp
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data values

    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2008 (source 15 of 20)
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2008, Sitka Channel Rock Breakwaters Hydrographic Survey: USACE Alaska District, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: ftp
    Source_Contribution: Bathymetric data values

    NOAA National Ocean Service, National Geodetic Survey, 2006 (source 16 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, National Geodetic Survey, 2006, High-resolution vector shoreline, survey control points: NOAA National Ocean Service, National Geodetic Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
    Source_Contribution: coastline and control data

    NOAA National Ocean Service, Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, 20030421 (source 17 of 20)
    NOAA National Ocean Service, Center for Operational Oceanographic P, 20030421, Tidal Benchmark Sheet for 9451600: NOAA National Ocean Service, CO-OPS, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: online
    Source_Contribution: control data

    Geographic Information Network of Alaska - University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2010a (source 18 of 20)
    Geographic Information Network of Alaska - University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2010, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission v2 Web Coverage Service: GINA, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: online wcs
    Source_Contribution: topographic data values

    Geographic Information Network of Alaska - University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2010b (source 19 of 20)
    Geographic Information Network of Alaska - University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2010, ASTER GDEM (Alaska) Web Coverage Service: GINA, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: online wcs
    Source_Contribution: topographic data values

    Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Unpublished material (source 20 of 20)
    Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Unpublished material, Topographic DEM for Sitka: Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Topographic data from September 2003 survey conducted by Delta Aerial Surveys LTD
    Type_of_Source_Media: ftp
    Source_Contribution: detailed coastline, control, topographic data values

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: 10-May-2011 (process 1 of 1)
    Each raw data source was converted into ESRI ArcGIS format. The resulting files were converted and adjusted to predetermined coordinate system (Geographic), horizontal datum (WGS84), and vertical datum (MHHW - Mean Higher High Water). A polyline shapefile was extracted from the Delta Aerial Surveys, Inc. Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN). The final coastline is an aggregation of the TIN 0.00 elevation MHHW line, the USFWS Alaska coastline of islands in Sitka Sound missed by the TIN, and manual digitization of elevation data-points of features like breakwaters and islands of importance where the USFWS (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service) coastline was determined to be inappropriate. We generated a point shapefile dividing the coastline polyline shapefile at 1 meter intervals. We removed overlap between hydrographic surveys retaining only the most current and highest resolution data points. We used these non-overlapping data-points in GMT to generate a bathymetric pre-surface designed to fill in the inter-tidal gap between topographic data and bathymetric data. We removed all pre-surface data-points that overlapped hydrographic survey data-points to retain the smallest possible mean difference between original hydrographic survey soundings and the final DEM (Digital Elevation Model). We used the Delta Aerial Surveys, Ltd. DTM point cloud as the primary source of topographic data. We derived topographic data-points from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) where the Delta Areal Surveys DTM point cloud ended. Based on a lack of confidence in the SRTM data of Japonski Island, we generated a DEM for Japonski Island using elevation contour lines and edge-of-pavement lines along with all available Delta Aerial Surveys data points and SRTM data points where no other data exists. Lastly, we manually digitized elevation data points of the Sitka Harbor Western Anchorage Breakwaters to ensure that they are correctly represented in the final DEM. We used the coastline, bathymetric and topographic point shapefiles to generate comma-delimited text files containing one line of x,y,z coordinates for each data-point. An 0.53 arc-second grid was then generated using the MB-Systems mbm-grid command. The data were assessed for quality and anomalies were removed. The final grid was compared to original hydrographic survey data and documented in the Data_Quality_Information of this metadata.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    Alaska Earthquake Information Center
    c/o Peter Hickman
    903 Koyukuk Drive, Suite 301, University of Alaska Fairbanks
    Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7320
    USA

    907-474-7558 (voice)
    info@gi.alaska.edu

    Data sources used in this process:
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 2003
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20060824
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20061024
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20061005
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20070103
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20090416
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20070906
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20080331
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20060503
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20090429
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Coast Survey, 20070212
    • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2001
    • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2005a
    • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2005b
    • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, 2008
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, National Geodetic Survey, 2006
    • NOAA National Ocean Service, Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, 20030421
    • Geographic Information Network of Alaska - University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2010a
    • Geographic Information Network of Alaska - University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2010b
    • Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Unpublished material

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    The accuracy of this elevation grid is dependent on the accuracy of its source data. These sources include NASA SRTM and ASTER DEMs; UAF topographic DEMs, NOS hydrographic surveys and shoreline vectors; and USACE survey data. The primary limiting factors include the scale, age, and resolution of the surveys. A significant amount of quality control was performed on the grid, using initial data points and other sources for comparison.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    The horizontal accuracy of the grid is expressed as an estimated root mean square error (RMSE). The estimate of the RMSE is based on horizontal accuracy tests of the source data which are selected as equal to or less than the intended horizontal RMSE error of the grid. Horizontal positioning of the various source points were compared with each other to verify grid accuracy.

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

    Bathymetry - The maximum, minimum and mean of the difference between the depth value of all source hydrographic survey data-points and the corresponding DEM value is used to assess the bathymetric vertical accuracy of the grid.It accounts for surface interpolation errors. The accuracy of hydrographic survey data-points are within 2% of depth (+/- 25.0 meters, mean = -0.02 meter). Topography - The maximum, minimum and mean difference between the elevation value for each of 12,172 Alaska Dept. of Transportation and Public Facilities survey control monuments and the corresponding DEM value is used to assess the topographic vertical accuracy of the grid (+/- 10.0 meters, mean = 0.14 meter).

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    Errant data points were removed from the various sources before processing the grid. The final grid was visually and statistically inspected for completeness using ArcGIS.

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    Each dataset has undergone a stringent quality control procedure from their respective originators. The developed grid was compared with initial sources, other source control data, and corresponding data between datasets to verify accuracy. All values both topographic and bathymetric had to be converted to a common vertical datum. The original topo data was referenced in Geoid EGM96 which is equivalent to Mean Sea Level (MSL), but had to be converted to the Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) tidal datum to provide a smooth transition at the coastline.


How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov

    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (<http://www.dggs.alaska.gov>) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    MP 144

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties of merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the electronic services or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity, whether from the use of the electronic services or products, any failure thereof, or otherwise, and in no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.

  4. How can I download or order the data?


Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 23-Jul-2012
Metadata author:
Metadata manager
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
USA

(907)451-5020 (voice)

Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:


Generated by mp version 2.9.2 on Mon Jul 23 13:57:32 2012