Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicolazzo, J.A. Originator: Larsen, M.C. Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Landslide hazard susceptibility mapping in Haines, Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: geodatabase, raster Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2024-8 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 16 p., 3 sheets, scale 1:25,000 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31309 Description: Abstract: Landslide hazard susceptibility mapping in Haines, Alaska, Report of Investigation 2024-8, provides a map and database of historical and prehistoric slope failures, maps of shallow and deep-seated landslide susceptibility, and a map of simulated debris flow runouts for the city and borough of Haines, Alaska. This work was prompted by the deadly Beach Road landslide that occurred on December 2, 2020, in Haines, Alaska, which highlights the significant safety and financial risks posed by slope failures to people and infrastructure. To better inform the Haines Borough of their potential landslide hazards and increase the city's hazard resiliency, the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) developed maps of historical and prehistorical slope failures, shallow landslide susceptibility, and modeled debris flow runouts. DGGS staff created a shallow landslide susceptibility map following protocols like those developed by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, which includes incorporating landslide inventory data, geotechnical soil properties, and lidar-derived topographic slope to calculate the Factor of Safety (FOS), which serves as a proxy for landslide susceptibility. Debris flow runout extents were generated using the model Laharz, which simulates runout extents based on catchment-specific physical parameters (e.g., hypothetical sediment volumes). Data from these analyses are collectively intended to depict locations where landslides are relatively more likely to occur or are relatively more likely to travel. The results provide important hazard information that can help guide planning and future risk investigations. The maps are not intended to predict slope failures and are site-specific; detailed investigations should be conducted before development in vulnerable areas. Results are for informational purposes and are not intended for legal, engineering, or surveying uses. These data and the interpretive maps and report are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/31309. Purpose: The deadly Beach Road landslide that occurred on December 2, 2020, in Haines, Alaska, highlights the significant safety and financial risks posed by slope failures to people and infrastructure. To better inform the Haines Borough of their potential landslide hazards and increase the city's hazard resiliency, the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) developed maps of historical and prehistorical slope failures, shallow landslide susceptibility, and modeled debris flow runouts. Supplemental_Information: >landslide-susceptibility: Landslide inventory geodatabase and accompanying data dictionary >shallow_landslide-susceptibility: Raster image depicting slopes susceptible to shallow landslides Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1972 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2024 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -135.756590 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -135.291554 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 59.405233 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 59.083205 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Theme_Keyword: Coastal Theme_Keyword: Coastal and River Theme_Keyword: Colluvial Deposits Theme_Keyword: Colluvium Theme_Keyword: DGGS Theme_Keyword: Debris Avalanche Theme_Keyword: Debris Flow Theme_Keyword: Debris Flow Deposit Theme_Keyword: Drainage Patterns Theme_Keyword: Emergency Preparedness Theme_Keyword: Engineering Theme_Keyword: Engineering Geology Theme_Keyword: Environmental Theme_Keyword: Geologic Theme_Keyword: Geologic Hazards Theme_Keyword: Geological Process Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Geomorphology Theme_Keyword: Geotechnical Theme_Keyword: Hazards Theme_Keyword: Landslide Theme_Keyword: Landslide Deposit Theme_Keyword: Landslide Susceptibility Theme_Keyword: Modeling Theme_Keyword: Rock Avalanche Theme_Keyword: Rockfall Theme_Keyword: Rocks Theme_Keyword: Rotational Landslide Theme_Keyword: Slides Theme_Keyword: Slope Theme_Keyword: Slope Instability Theme_Keyword: Soils Theme_Keyword: Surface Theme_Keyword: Surface Water Theme_Keyword: Surficial Theme_Keyword: Surficial Geology Theme_Keyword: Translational Landslide Theme_Keyword: Transportation Corridor Theme_Keyword: Unconsolidated Deposits Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Place_Keyword: Chilkat Peninsula Place_Keyword: Chilkat River Place_Keyword: Chilkat State Park Place_Keyword: Chilkoot Lake Place_Keyword: Ferebee River Place_Keyword: Haines Place_Keyword: Haines Borough Place_Keyword: Johnson Creek Place_Keyword: Lily Lake Place_Keyword: Mink Creek Place_Keyword: Mount Ripinski Place_Keyword: Mud Bay Place_Keyword: Nahku Portage Place_Keyword: Shakuseyi Creek Place_Keyword: Shiyi Bay Place_Keyword: Southeast Alaska Place_Keyword: Takhin River Place_Keyword: Yindastuki Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: Walker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A, and Babcock, L.E., comp., 2012, Geologic Time Scale v. 4.0: Geological Society of America Temporal_Keyword: Holocene Access_Constraints: This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Use_Constraints: Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Position: GIS Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Rd City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggsgis@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Data_Set_Credit: DGGS collected and processed lidar data and conducted landslide susceptibility mapping for this project using funds provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Cooperative Technical Partnership (CTP) Program grant number CTP EMS-2021-CA-00013-S01. We thank our reviewers Katreen Wikstrom Jones (DGGS) and Jacqueline Foss (U.S. Forest Service) for their thoughtful comments that helped improve the quality of this product. We also appreciate DOT&PF engineer Travis Eckhoff, P.E., for his local knowledge that helped verify our models, and Dr. Margaret Darrow (University of Alaska Fairbanks) for her insight into the Beach Road landslide. We also acknowledge Victoria Nelson for her countless hours spent performing soil laboratory testing and mapping landslide scarps in support of this project while working on her master's thesis. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Daanen, R.P. Originator: Herbst, A.M. Originator: Wikstrom Jones, K.M. Originator: Wolken, G.J. Publication_Date: 2021 Title: High-resolution lidar data for Haines, southcentral Alaska, December 8-12, 2020 Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2021-4 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 8 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30595 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicolazzo, J.A. Originator: Darrow, M.M. Originator: Larsen, M.C. Originator: Walser, S.L. Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Rock strength properties of the Haines-Takshanuk Mountains-Chilkat Peninsula area STATEMAP project, Southeast Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2024-28 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 4 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31416 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicolazzo, J.A. Originator: Darrow, M.M. Originator: Walser, S.L. Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Soil index properties and radiocarbon ages of the Haines-Takshanuk Mountains-Chilkat Peninsula area STATEMAP project, Southeast Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2024-27 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 24 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31415 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicolazzo, J.A. Originator: Larsen, M.C. Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Lidar interpretation in Haines, Alaska (poster): Haines Borough community meeting, September 4, 2024 Series_Information: Series_Name: Poster and Presentation Issue_Identification: Nicolazzo, J.A. and Larsen, M.C., 2024 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 1 sheet Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31414 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicolsky, D.J. Originator: Suleimani, E.N. Originator: Salisbury, J.B. Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Tsunami inundation maps for Skagway and Haines, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: Report of Investigation Issue_Identification: RI 2018-2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 69 p., 3 sheets Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30029 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Truskowski, C.M. Originator: Walser, S.L. Originator: Larsen, M.C. Originator: Nicolazzo, J.A. Originator: Gillis, R.J. Originator: Bull, K.F. Originator: Regan, S.P. Originator: Darrow, M.M. Originator: Montayne, Simone Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Field station locations and data for the geologic map of the Haines-Takshanuk Mountains-Chilkat Peninsula area STATEMAP project, southeast Alaska, collected in 2022 and 2023 Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2024-17 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 3 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31285 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wolken, G.J. Originator: Wikstrom Jones, K.M. Originator: Whorton, E.N. Originator: Gould, A.I. Originator: Hendricks, M.D. Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Photogrammetric data of the Haines Highway corridor: May 26, 2014 Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2017-6 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 20 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/29736 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Zechmann, J.M. Originator: Daanen, R.P. Originator: Wikstrom Jones, K.M. Originator: Wolken, G.J. Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Lidar-derived elevation data for Haines, Southeast Alaska, collected October 2021 and October 2022 Series_Information: Series_Name: Raw Data File Issue_Identification: RDF 2023-18 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, United States Publisher: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Other_Citation_Details: 16 p Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/31034 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The slope failure inventory, shallow landslide susceptibility, modeled debris flow runout map, and integrated results maps were developed using the best available data; however, there are inherent limitations. The intended use of these data products is to help identify the relative slope failure risk, provide a basis for regional planning and increased resiliency, and help identify localities where more detailed slope failure hazard mapping is warranted. Maps are not intended for use at scales other than the published map data scale. The accompanying report provides a complete list of specific limitations and potential sources of error. Logical_Consistency_Report: Not applicable Completeness_Report: This data release is complete. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The positional accuracy of the slope failure inventory, factor of safety, debris flow runout models were developed using the best available data; however, there are inherent limitations to the calculated and interpreted feature extents. The accompanying report provides a complete discussion of specific limitations and potential sources of error. For most of the project area DGGS used lidar point cloud data to produce a high-resolution (1-3ft) digital terrain models (DTM). The DTM, also known as a bare-earth elevation model, was essential for identifying landslide geomorphology beneath dense vegetation, confirming evidence of landslide activity identified in aerial photograph sequences, making FOS calculations, and modeling potential debris flow runouts. For the area around Chilkoot Lake where lidar was not collected, we downloaded data from ArcticDEM. The ArcticDEM is a composite of numerous digital elevation models (DEMs) sourced from satellite imagery collected over several years. It has 2-m (about 6-ft) resolution and contains more elevation spikes, pits, and holes of missing data than our datasets; therefore, all results from the ArcticDEM dataset have lower confidence. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Lidar acquisition and processing - Two light detection and ranging (lidar) datasets were previously collected for other projects in the Haines area that overlap this project's AOI. Quantum Spatial collected one dataset in May 2014 (1-m [3-ft] resolution) that was centered primarily on the city of Haines. In December 2020, DGGS collected lidar as part of emergency operations following the landslide event. The collection covered areas over the city of Haines, south along Mud Bay Road, extents of existing lidar datasets displayed over Esri's World Terrain basemap of the area of interest. North along Lutak Road, and on the opposite side of Lutak Inlet with a 1-m (3-ft) resolution. Additionally, during 2021 and 2022, DGGS collected a new lidar dataset for this project, which covered a much larger area with a 50-cm (1.5 ft) resolution. This project used digital terrain models (DTMs) generated from each of these lidar datasets. For the area around Chilkoot Lake where lidar was not collected, we downloaded data from ArcticDEM. The ArcticDEM is a composite of numerous digital elevation models (DEMs) sourced from satellite imagery collected over several years. It has 2-m (6-ft) resolution and contains more elevation spikes, pits, and holes of missing data than our datasets; therefore, all results from the ArcticDEM dataset have lower confidence. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Step: Process_Description: Landslide inventory - The comprehensive landslide inventory was generated by collecting and organizing existing information about previously identified landslides, acquiring, processing, and analyzing high-resolution lidar elevation data, and compiling all landslide information into a geodatabase. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Step: Process_Description: Shallow landslide susceptibility - We developed a map showing slopes susceptible to shallow landslides. Shallow landslides occur in surficial soils, to a maximum depth of about 4.5 m (15 ft). This method combines areas of mapped shallow landslides with a calculated factor of safety (FOS). The result is a map that displays susceptibility as high, moderate, or low zones. Data were processed using methods described in the accompanying report. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Step: Process_Description: Channelized debris flow susceptibility - We used the methodology of Burns and others (2022) to map slopes that are susceptible to channelized debris flows which includes custom ArcGIS geoprocessing tools to simplify the process. This method models debris flow initiation potential, transport potential, and inundation (deposition) to produce a map that displays debris flow initiation and transport susceptibility in high, moderate, or low zones, and the inundation extent for each level of modeled event severity. The accompanying report provides details of the proceedure. Process_Date: 2023 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Alaska Albers Albers_Conical_Equal_Area: Standard_Parallel: 55.0 Standard_Parallel: 65.0 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -154.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 50.0 False_Easting: 0 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0000000030536018158500163 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0000000030536018158500163 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Planar_Coordinate_Layer_Name: Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2024-8-haines-landslide-susceptibility.gdb, ri2024-8-haines-landslide-susceptibility-data-dictionary.xlsx Entity_Type_Definition: Landslide inventory geodatabase and accompanying data dictionary Entity_Type_Definition_Source: DGGS Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: landslide-susceptibility Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ri2024-8-shallow_landslide-susceptibility.tif Entity_Type_Definition: Raster image depicting slopes susceptible to shallow landslides Entity_Type_Definition_Source: DGGS Entity_Attribute_Layer_Name: shallow_landslide-susceptibility Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 907-451-5050 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dggspubs@alaska.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Contact_Instructions: Please view our website (http://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Resource_Description: RI 2024-8 Distribution_Liability: The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties of merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the electronic services or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity, whether from the use of the electronic services or products, any failure thereof, or otherwise, and in no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount. Fees: see http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/31309 Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: geodatabase, raster Format_Version_Date: 20250122 Format_Information_Content: digital data Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/31309 Fees: Free download Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20250122 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Simone Montayne Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3354 College Road City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99709-3707 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-451-5020 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Use_Constraints: If the user has modified this metadata file in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent this metadata file, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext Profile_Name: dggs metadata extensions