Geologic investigations of the Kandik area, Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory, Canada

Van Kooten, G.K.Watts, A.B.Coogan, JamesMount, V.S.Swenson, R.F.Daggett, P.H.Clough, J.G.Roberts, C.T.Bergman, S.C.1997Geologic investigations of the Kandik area, Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory, CanadageodatabaseReport of InvestigationRI 96-6AFairbanks, Alaska, United StatesAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys3 sheetshttps://doi.org/10.14509/2533Geologic investigations of the Kandik area, Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory, Canada, Report of Investigation 96-6A, presents results of geologic investigations conducted from 1982 to 1991 to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of the Kandik area and adjacent Doyon, Limited, lands. Work included geologic mapping, gravity surveys, seismic testing, and supporting geochemical and geochronological analyses, and extended into the Yukon Territory to examine the Yukon Thrust system. The Kandik area contains numerous bitumen seeps in rocks ranging from Precambrian to Cretaceous, confirming long-recognized hydrocarbon potential. Bitumen occurs along major faults, within thrust-related structures, and in both hanging-wall and footwall positions of the Yukon Thrust, indicating upward migration of hydrocarbons from deeper Paleozoic sources. Paleozoic stratigraphy in the region records major shelf-to-basin facies changes that influence both structural style and hydrocarbon potential. Ordovician, Devonian, and Carboniferous rocks contain fair to good hydrocarbon source rocks and are the most likely sources for bitumen at the front of the Yukon Thrust. Permian units occur locally in the footwall, and Triassic lower Glenn Shale hosts the most extensive bitumen occurrences where preserved. A probable Jurassic unconformity removed the lower Glenn Shale and underlying Permian units from much of the footwall in Canada, leaving these Triassic source rocks absent beneath the eastern part of the thrust. Thermal maturity in footwall Paleozoic rocks ranges from immature to gas window. Regional structures record two major post-Early Cretaceous deformation events: an early contractional phase that produced thrust sheets and fault-related folds, followed by a later extensional phase that generated overprinting en echelon faults and localized basins. These relationships reflect reactivation of older structures and are important for developing geologic models of the region. This publication includes a geologic map, stratigraphic column, hydrocarbon source-rock geochemistry column, structural cross sections, surface geochemistry plots, and a seismic profile, with companion DGGS maps providing sample locations and gravity data. The dataset provides geologic, structural, stratigraphic, and geochronologic information organized according to the GeMS and AK GeMS mapping schemas. The complete report, geodatabase, and ESRI fonts and style files are available from the DGGS website: https://doi.org/10.14509/2533.This map provides geologic information for the Kandik area and adjacent Doyon, Limited, lands to support evaluation of regional structure, stratigraphy, and geologic conditions relevant to hydrocarbon assessment and geologic modeling. It illustrates the distribution of geologic units, major structural features, and key stratigraphic relationships needed to understand the regional framework and to inform resource evaluation, geologic interpretation, and land-use planning.This geodatabase is organized according to the AK GeMS mapping schema Hendricks, M.D., Macpherson, A.E., Athey, J.E., Wyatt, W.C., Montayne, Simone, Buchanan, Wes, Rivera, P.G., and Steinleitner, A.M., 2024, AK GeMS data dictionary: A description of the Alaska geologic mapping schema: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 170 v. 2, 13 p. https://doi.org/10.14509/31172. The distribution package includes ESRI fonts and style files, along with usage instructions. Further documentation of the symbology is provided by Ekberg, P.G., Hendricks, M.D., and Athey, J.E., 2021, AK GeMS symbology: A description of the AK GeMS style file: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 169, 7 p. https://doi.org/10.14509/30584.19821991ground conditionCompleteNone planned-142.003681-140.61073965.58196664.830293ISO 19115 Topic CategorygeoscientificInformationAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysAlluvialAlluviumAreniteArgilliteBalanced Cross SectionBasaltBasinsBedrockBedrock GeologyBitumenCarbonatesChertCoalConglomerateCorrelationDiabaseDolomiteFaultsFloodplainFoldingFoldsFormationsGasGeochemical SurveysGeochemistryGeologicGeologyGeophysicsGravityGravity SurveyGraywackeHalobiaHematiteHornblendeHydrocarbonHydrocarbon AssessmentHydrocarbon ExplorationHydrocarbon GenerationHydrocarbon PotentialHydrocarbon ReservoirsHydrocarbon ResourcesIgneousIntrusiveIronLimestoneMonotisMudstoneOil and GasOil and Gas BasinOil BasinsOil SeepsPebblePelecypodsPetroleumPlagioclasePlant ChemistryQuartziteResource AssessmentRocksSandstoneSedimentSedimentarySedimentary BasinsSedimentary MaterialSedimentary RocksSeismic SurveyShaleShelfShorteningSiltstoneSoilsStrainStratigraphyStressStructureSubsurfaceSurfaceTectonicsThermal Alteration IndexTinUnconformityAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysAdams PeakAurora CreekBarney CreekBig Boulder CreekBlack Mining DistrictBlack RiverBoulder CreekBryant CreekBull CreekButte CreekCalico BluffCathedral CreekCrooked CreekCrowley CreekDeer CreekDewey CreekEagle Mining DistrictEasy Moose CreekEttrain CreekExcelsior CreekFord LakeFox CreekFunnel CreekGillman CreekHard Luck CreekHarrington CreekHillard PeakHudson CouleeJohnson GorgeJones RidgeJungle CreekKandik BasinKandik RiverLast Chance CreekLogan CreekLords LakeMichigan CreekMillers CampMontauk CreekMoose CreekMount CascaNation RiverNation River BasinNatural BridgeNimrod PeakPass CreekPhoenix CreekPleasant CreekRock CreekRuby CreekSchley CreekSeventymileSeventymile RiverShade CreekSinnott CreekStep MountainsTatonduk RiverThicket CreekThree Castle MountainThurston CreekTindir CreekTrout CreekTyrena CreekWashington CreekWaterfall CreekWindfall MountainYukon RiverAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysAdams ArgilliteBiederman ArgilliteCalico Bluff FormationFord Lake ShaleFunnel Creek LimestoneGlenn ShaleHillard LimestoneMcCann Hill ChertNation River FormationRoad River FormationStep ConglomerateTahkandit LimestoneTindir GroupWalker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A, and Babcock, L.E., comp., 2012, Geologic Time Scale v. 4.0: Geological Society of AmericaCambrianCarboniferousCretaceousDevonianOrdovicianPermianPrecambrianTriassicThis report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysMetadata Managermailing and physical

3354 College Road

FairbanksAK99709-3707USA(907)451-5020(907)451-5050dggspubs@alaska.gov8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidaysPlease view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.Many people at Atlantic Richfield contributed significantly to the Kandik study. The authors gratefully acknowledge Thomas J. Barnes, Grant Cushing, Elizabeth A. Eide, Bill Gilmore, and William J. Grether for field mapping and regional geologic evaluation; Michael Gardner and Kris E. Meisling for field mapping and structural analysis; Fred H. Behnken and Tim Carr for conodont separation and identification; Jim Chatham and Leslie Lee Lundell for surface and source-rock geochemistry; Jeff Corrigan and James Talbot for geochronology; Ray Christopher and H.M. (Bud) Simpson for palynological analysis; and Gerry Arp for soil and plant geochemistry. Michael Churkin, Jr., and Don K. Norris led field trips that introduced us to the area. Discussions with David G. Howell, Mark J. Johnsson, and Michael B. Underwood were helpful, and reviews by David Howell, Laurel Burns, and Frank Larson improved the final product. ARCO Alaska, Inc., and Doyon, Limited, provided permission and financial support to publish this study. This map was converted to GeMS or digitized into GeMS by Kinney Engineering, LCC., quality controlled, and then finalized by DGGS staff (Chris Wyatt). Ally M. Steinleitner implemented final database quality control and packaging. This geologic map (or report or conversion or product, etc.) was funded by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program under STATEMAP award number G24AC00521, 2024, and the State of Alaska General Fund. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.Van Kooten, G.K.Watts, A.B.Coogan, JamesMount, V.S.Swenson, R.F.Daggett, P.H.Clough, J.G.Roberts, C.T.Bergman, S.C.1997Station locations in the Kandik area, Alaska, and adjacent Yukon Territory, CanadaReport of InvestigationRI 96-6BFairbanks, Alaska, United StatesAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys1 sheet, scale 1:125,000https://doi.org/10.14509/2534Van Kooten, G.K.Watts, A.B.Coogan, JamesMount, V.S.Swenson, R.F.Daggett, P.H.Clough, J.G.Roberts, C.T.Bergman, S.C.1997Gravity maps of the Kandik area, Alaska, and adjacent Yukon Territory, CanadaReport of InvestigationRI 96-6CFairbanks, Alaska, United StatesAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys1 sheet, scale 1:250,000https://doi.org/10.14509/2535Attribute fields within each feature class are populated using the map symbology and corresponding applicable values from the GeMS and AK GeMS specifications. When known, certainty in attribute interpretation is indicated in the relevant fields. Attribute accuracy varies throughout the map and is scale-dependent.All polygon features were topologically validated according to the AK GeMS geologic mapping schema specifications.This publication is part of a DGGS Report of Investigations (RI). An RI is the completed product of original research and analysis, and RIs use professional cartography and undergo rigorous peer review, editing, and revision.Certainty in feature boundaries or location varies throughout the map. Data fields within each feature class and the accompanying orientation and location confidence lookup tables record the authors' degree of confidence in the location of applicable features.Ekberg, P.G.Hendricks, M.D.Athey, J.E.2021AK GeMS symbology: A description of the AK GeMS style fileMiscellaneous PublicationMP 169Fairbanks, Alaska, United StatesAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys7 phttps://doi.org/10.14509/30584paper2021publication dateEkberg, P.G. and others, 2021GIS analysis and digital cartographyHendricks, M.D.Ekberg, P.G.Athey, J.E.Wyatt, W.C.Willingham, A.L.Naibert, T.J.2021AK GeMS data dictionary: A description of the Alaska geologic mapping schemaMiscellaneous PublicationMP 170Fairbanks, Alaska, United StatesAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys10 phttps://doi.org/10.14509/30669paper2021publication dateHendricks, M.D. and others, 2021GIS analysis and digital cartographyU.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program2020GeMS (Geologic Map Schema) - A standard format for the digital publication of geologic mapsTechniques and MethodsTM 11-B10United StatesU.S. Geological Survey1 phttps://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/30585paper2020publication dateU.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020GIS analysis and digital cartographyGeologic mapping - Geologic investigations in the Kandik area and adjacent Doyon, Limited, lands were conducted from 1982 to 1991 to support regional geologic mapping and structural evaluation. Field work included bedrock mapping, gravity surveys, seismic data acquisition, and collection of samples for geochemical, geochronological, palynological, and conodont analyses. Field observations, sample locations, and structural measurements were compiled and integrated with seismic and gravity data to establish stratigraphic relationships and major structural features, including thrust faults and associated folds. Laboratory analyses were performed to characterize source-rock properties, thermal maturity, and age determinations. Results from mapping, analytical programs, and geophysical surveys were combined to produce the geologic map, stratigraphic column, structural cross sections, surface geochemistry plots, and seismic profile.1991Data packaging - DGGS organized and attributed the geologic and geographic features according to the AK GeMS schema, then programmatically transformed the data into four distribution formats: (1) an AK GeMS data package containing the full database and supporting files, (2) a GeMS data package converted to the USGS base standard, (3) a SQLite database file, and (4) a simplified shapefile package with shapefile representations of the data.2026vectorUniversal Transverse Mercator70.999600-1410500000.0000000coordinate pair.00000001.00000001MetersNAD27Clarke 18666378206.4294.9786982kandik_ak_gems_dbGeodatabase, layer files, style files, and fontsDGGSkandik_ak_gems_dbkandik_gems_dbGeodatabase, layer files, style files, and fontsDGGSkandik_gems_dbkandik_gems_geopackageSQLite Database fileDGGSkandik_gems_geopackagekandik_gems_shapefileShapefiles and open data filesDGGSkandik_gems_shapefileAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysMetadata Managermailing and physical

3354 College Road

FairbanksAK99709-3707USA(907)451-5020(907)451-5050dggspubs@alaska.gov8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidaysFGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial MetadataFGDC-STD-001-1998If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed in the supporting metadata file. User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources or Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys.https://dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.extdggs metadata extensions