Major-oxide and trace-element geochemical data from the tephra collected on Veniaminof volcano, Alaska

Metadata also available as - [Parseable text] - [XML]

Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Major-oxide and trace-element geochemical data from the tephra collected on Veniaminof volcano, Alaska
Abstract:
Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) geologists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) conducted fieldwork at Mount Veniaminof during field excursions between 2001 and 2016. The primary purpose of the fieldwork was geologic investigation of Veniaminof volcano to elucidate its eruptive history and understand its eruptive behavior. Teams of geologists focused on 1) edifice lava flows, 2) flowage deposits (lahars and pyroclastic flows), and 3) tephra-fall deposits. This Raw Data File comprises 61 whole-rock analyses of pumices from Holocene-age tephra deposits collected from 36 field stations on the flanks of Veniaminof volcano in 2001-2004, 2010, and 2016. All but four samples in this report were collected by geologists Kristi Wallace and Chris Waythomas during 1- to 2-week summer fieldwork campaigns. Thomas Miller and Charles Bacon contributed four pumice samples of a young dacite-composition tephra collected in 2001 and 2002. Mount Veniaminof is an ice-clad, basalt-to-dacite stratovolcano topped by an ice-filled caldera 10 km (about 6 mi) in diameter, located 775 km (482 mi) southwest of Anchorage on the Alaska Peninsula. With a volume of approximately 350 km3 (approximately 84 mi3) Veniaminof is one of the largest and most active volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc. Two Holocene caldera-forming eruptions are recorded in extensive pyroclastic-flow deposits around the volcano. Veniaminof has had at least 15 eruptions in the past 200 years, all from the approximately 300-m-high (about 984-ft-high) intracaldera cone and all largely basaltic-basaltic andesite composition, producing small lava flows and minor tephra deposits mostly confined to the caldera boundaries. The most recent explosive eruption was in 2018. Geochemical characterization of tephra deposits is most commonly executed by using glass-phase chemistry rather than whole-rock (bulk) geochemistry. The bulk composition of a tephra may change over fallout distance by eolian fractionation and therefore cannot be used to correlate tephra deposits over long distances. Whole-rock composition is commonly used to characterize juvenile material from flowage deposits (lahars and pyroclastic flows) and lavas. In order to readily compare (correlate) juvenile material from proximal tephra-fall deposits with other proximal deposits, tephra whole-rock analysis is required. This Raw Data File is focused only on whole-rock geochemical analyses of significant coarse-grained tephra deposits exposed on the flanks of Veniaminof volcano for use in correlating tephra deposits across the large volcanic edifice, and with proximal flowage deposits and edifice lava flows. Results of glass geochemistry of Veniaminof tephra and all other whole-rock analyses of samples collected is part of an ongoing study and not included in this report. Files can also be downloaded from the DGGS website (http://doi.org/10.14509/30578) and is also available in .html and .csv from the AVO Geochemical Database (https://avo.alaska.edu/geochem). Sample descriptions, locations, and sample types are included in the analytical data table. Samples collected during this project, including hand sample material, remaining powder from these whole-rock analyses, and partially crushed sample remains are stored at the Alaska Geologic Materials Center or at the USGS Alaska Tephra Laboratory in Anchorage.
Supplemental_Information: 
geochem-data: Major-oxide XRF and trace-element XRF and ICP-MS analyses of volcanic rocks collected on the surface of Mount Veniaminof.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Wallace, K.L., Cameron, C.E., Waythomas, C.F., and Perreault, J.M., 2020, Major-oxide and trace-element geochemical data from the tephra collected on Veniaminof volcano, Alaska: Raw Data File RDF 2020-17, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 5 p.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.262190
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -158.840600
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 56.609190
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 56.000660
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 2001
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report, tables
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a point data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101000025.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    rdf2020-17-veniaminof-tephra-geochem-data.csv, rdf2020-17-veniaminof-tephra-geochem-data-dictionary.csv
    Major-oxide XRF and trace-element XRF and ICP-MS analyses of volcanic rocks collected on the surface of Mount Veniaminof. (Source: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory, and University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Geosciences)

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    This project is funded through the USGS Volcano Science Center and these data are published by DGGS with funding provided under USGS Volcano Hazard Program/DGGS cooperative agreement G16AC00165 and G19AC00171. The authors would like to thank USGS geologists Thomas Miller and Charles Bacon for contributing four pumice samples from a young dacite-composition tephra collected in 2001 and 2002. We also thank DGGS geologist Fiona Eberhardt for helping with sample metadata organization. USGS reviewers Matt Loewen, Game McGimsey, and Michael Diggles provided constructive reviews that improved this publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.

Why was the data set created?

Geochemical data from these localities provide insight into the eruptive history and character of volcanic deposits and eruptions throughout Alaska.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2016 (process 1 of 2)
    Field data collection - Pumice samples were collected from prominent, coarse-grained (greater than or equal to 0.5 cm diameter) tephra-fall deposits and a few pyroclastic flow deposits on the flanks of Mount Veniaminof (fig. 1) during 2001-2004, 2010 and 2016 fieldwork. Sixty-one tephra samples were collected from 36 field stations for whole-rock geochemical analysis. Pumice samples were hand-picked as whole bomb or lapilli clasts from in-situ deposits. Surface float was sampled from the ground surface.
    Date: 2005 (process 2 of 2)
    Rock sample analysis - After returning from the field, samples were chipped in the lab to remove surface alteration. After chipping, the samples were cleaned in tap water in an ultrasonic bath until the water remained clear and then dried at 60 degrees C for 48 hours. Samples collected in 2003 and 2004 were submitted together for analysis in 2005, samples collected in 2010 were submitted for analysis in 2012, and samples collected in 2016 were submitted for analysis in 2017. Whole-rock major oxide and trace element analyses were conducted by the Peter Hooper GeoAnalytical lab at Washington State University. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) analyses were collected following the methods of Johnson and others (1999) and Knaack and others (WSU, written commun., 1994). The analyses reported here represent the same protocols applied by Nye and others (2018). The analytical precision and accuracy are consistent with the overview provided by Nye and others (2018). AVO geochemical analyses were re-calibrated in 2007 so that they are time-consistent, and the analyses reported here are internally consistent with data collected post-2007 (Nye and others, 2018). Samples collected in 2010 were submitted only for XRF analysis and therefore do not have accompanying ICPMS data.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Cameron, C.E., Mulliken, K.M., Crass, S.W., Schaefer, J.R., and Wallace, K.L., 2019, Alaska Volcano Observatory geochemical database, version 2: Digital Data Series DDS 8 v. 2, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 22 p
    Cameron, C.E., and Snedigar, S.F., 2016, Alaska Volcano Observatory image database: Digital Data Series DDS 13, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Nye, C.J., Beget, J.E., Layer, P.W., Mangan, M.T., McConnell, V.S., McGimsey, R.G., Miller, T.P., Moore, R.B., and Stelling, P.L., 2018, Geochemistry of some quaternary lavas from the Aleutian Arc and Mt. Wrangell: Raw Data File RDF 2018-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 29 p

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    This publication is intended for the timely release of raw field and/or analytical data and does not include interpretations (other than brief discussion of geologic context) of the data presented. The analyses reported here represent the same protocols applied by Nye and others (2018). The analytical precision and accuracy are consistent with the overview provided by Nye and others (2018). AVO geochemical analyses were re-calibrated in 2007 so that they are time-consistent, and the analyses reported here are internally consistent with data collected post-2007 (Nye and others, 2018).
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Location data were collected using handheld GPS devices and recorded in field notebooks. Reported accuracy of the GPS readings was not retained, but all locations have been visually examined by the originators for verification. Location data originally utilized the NAD27 datum but all coordinates are converted to NAD83 datum to conform to the AVO geologic database (https://avo.alaska.edu/geochem/).
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This data release is complete.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    not applicable

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints:
This report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).
Use_Constraints:
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Metadata Manager
    3354 College Road
    Fairbanks, AK
    USA

    (907)451-5020 (voice)
    (907)451-5050 (FAX)
    dggspubs@alaska.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
    Contact_Instructions:
    Please view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? RDF 2020-17
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 09-Jan-2021
Metadata author:
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
Attn: Simone Montayne
Metadata Manager
3354 College Road
Fairbanks, AK
USA

(907)451-5020 (voice)
(907)451-5050 (FAX)
dggspubs@alaska.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Fri Jan 08 22:20:42 2021