Any force that tends to raise an engineered structure and its foundation relative to its surroundings. It may stem from pressure of subjacent ground, surface water, or expansive soil under the base of the structure; or from lateral forces such as wind or earthquake shaking that tend to cause overturning. (Neuendorf, K.K.E. and others, 2011)
Regional or local uplift of the land surface related to movement on faults, this can occur rapidly during an earthquake or slowly during strain accumulation between earthquakes.
